| 1. |
- Angelaki, Stavroula, et al.
(author)
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A review of lighting research in educational spaces
- 2022
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In: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper summarises tendencies related to research in lighting for school environments from 1980 to 2020. Methods and tools used to evaluate and analyse both daylight and electric lighting are presented. The studies in this literature review were grouped in four decades and are presented chronologically. The review suggests a shift from on-site evaluations in the early decades, both when using qualitative and quantitative research methods, to software-based research and analysis in more recent studies. during the past decade, there appears to be a general increase in both software and user-based techniques for evaluation and design of educational spaces. However, it is interesting that the lighting layout in classrooms does not show significant changes during the four decades since it follows the same grid pattern regardless of the changes in architectural, design and teaching tendencies.
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| 2. |
- Angelaki, Stavroula, et al.
(author)
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Lighting in Kindergartens : Towards Innovative Design Concepts for Lighting Design in Kindergartens Based on Children’s Perception of Space
- 2022
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:4, s. 2302-2302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Light is the foundation of the visual perceptual process that initiates the evaluation of the surrounding area. Linked to various aspects and rhythms of the body, light connects us to both the natural environment and the interior space. The process of perceiving and assessing space for children and adults with different viewing heights and viewing perspectives as well as the role of light to facilitate this are the key elements of this study. The paper describes general lighting design strategies for kindergartens, specifically developed to create an environment that takes into account the children’s scale and cognitive processes. The objective was to discuss environments that support the child’s spatial perception along with shape and object recognition by means of lighting design, for example by creating distinct, well-placed shadows. The proposed strategies are informed by a literature review on the concepts and interrelations of light, human physiology and the perception of scale and space. In addition, our process also included visits to kindergartens to observe and analyse existing lighting as well as the use of simulation programs to test lighting scenarios and their patterns/distribution of light and shadow. The outcome described in this paper is a proposal and strategy to take into account children’s vantage points when designing lighting in kindergartens that is still open to practical interpretations in real-world sites.
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| 3. |
- Angelaki, Stavroula, et al.
(author)
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Methods for inclusive design processes at the early stages of a research project in School Environments
- 2024
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In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores the use of participatory methods prior to designing interventions within a research project at a primary school in central Sweden. The approach presented in the paper is based on the principles of participatory design (PD), to enhance the use of these methods within the areas of educational research (ER), lighting, and architecture. This approach aims to include participants of educational spaces and incorporate their views prior to design interventions. Two workshops were designed to support teachers' participation through hands-on activities. Twenty-eight teachers participated in the workshops. Scale models corresponding to two of the school's classrooms were used to initiate discussions regarding the interconnection between spatial layouts, lighting, and learning activities. The workshops' data collection analysis assisted the research group in understanding the school's spatial and learning characteristics. The information gathered from the workshops provided additional knowledge and informed the research project in a way that allowed for further development and changes within the project related to the additional variables measured along with light. According to the analysis, there is a correlation between the activity and the desired layout of the space, while the type of equipment also varies according to the task.
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| 4. |
- Besenecker, Ute Christa, et al.
(author)
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Luminous color in architecture : Exploring methodologies for design-relevant research
- 2015
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In: Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research. - : Enquiry: The ARCC Journal of Architectural Research. - 2329-9339. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes our process in conducting research toward better understanding of the experience and perception of luminous colors in architectural contexts. Our intention is to contribute to a body of knowledge useful for designers by introducing a designerly way of working into an otherwise academic research approach. Luminous color influences our perception of form, space, and ambiance. The use of such color in architectural design has increased significantly over the past two decades, and with the advent of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), this trend is rapidly accelerating. However, LEDs produce luminous color in a different manner than traditional lighting systems. Identical-appearing colors can have different spectral compositions. Current work in health and perception sciences demonstrates that these different spectra can have distinct physiological and neurological effects.Current studies in different academic research fields into luminous color cannot be translated easily into a format relevant to architectural design. We therefore look to ways of studying the phenomenon using hybrid methods that would be consistent with design disciplines and goals. Efforts include structured experimental studies at a large scale to enable participants to experience different vantage points, peripheral perceptions, and free locomotion.The objective is to listen to the phenomenon and let it guide the research. We are following a process and developing research methods that are at a scale and in contexts appropriate to architectural applications. Although we borrow qualitative and quantitative methods from other disciplines for our individual studies, the overall goal is to remain fluid and open, to go beyond such established methods, structuring the endeavor as much as possible as a design process. Our approach is less structured than laboratory research, but targeted to be more ecologically and architecturally valid.
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| 5. |
- Besenecker, Ute C, et al.
(author)
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Progress in modelling scene brightness
- 2015
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In: <em>Proceedings of the 28th Session of Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage</em>. ; , s. 1511-1520
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scene brightness is a sensation that is not well predicted by light quantities measured inphotopic illuminance or luminance.Experiments with light sources of different spectral compositions indicate that scenesilluminated by sources with greater short-wavelength (<500 nm) output are perceived as beingbrighter than those illuminated by sources with less short-wavelength content at the samelight level. This has been shown to be true not only under mesopic, but also under photopicconditions. Furthermore, the relative impact of short-wavelength contributions to scenebrightness perception appears to increase with light level.Experimental results are consistent with short-wavelength (S) cone as well as melanopsincontributions to scene brightness, in addition to contributions from V(λ). An empirical modelthat incorporates increasing S-cone and melanopsin contributions with increasing light levelsgave better predictions than a model that only incorporates an S-cone increase. This wasconfirmed in a series of follow-up experiments.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Besenecker, Ute, et al.
(author)
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The experience of equivalent luminous colors at architectural scale
- 2018
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In: Cultura e Scienza del Colore - Color Culture and Science. - Milan. - 2384-9568. ; 10:0, s. 13-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Luminous color used in architectural settings impacts our perception of space and ambiance. With light emitting diode, solid state lighting technology the possibilities of customizing light spectra are manifold, and colored light can be mixed and matched using a variety of different spectral compositions. We conducted several experiments at architectural scale to explore whether stimuli closely matched for chromaticity and light level would produce recognizable differences in visual and visceral qualities.Study 1 used qualitative research methods; during the experiment, participants were free to walk from one illuminated space to another to compare conditions close-up and from afar. Study 2 used quantitative research methods; participants were situated in a fixed viewing location and responded to a questionnaire that was designed based on the responses from Study 1. In Study 3 blood pressure was measured in response to all of the lighting conditions.Overall, the results showed that subjects perceived differences in the visual qualities of the conditions. The results also showed significant differences in affective qualities and physiological responses between some of the conditions.
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| 8. |
- Bullough, J. D., et al.
(author)
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Work zone lighting and visual performance : Analysis and Demonstration
- 2013
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In: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2337, s. 25-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In part because of the potential for high levels of glare from work zone illumination, recommendations for light levels from work zone illumination systems are substantially higher than for levels used along roadways in non-work zone locations. In a two-part study, requirements for work zone illumination light levels were assessed. First, levels for workers varying in age from 20 to 60 years were evaluated with the relative visual performance model, with and without the presence of visibility-reducing glare. Except for the smallest, lowest-contrast tasks performed by the older workers, an illuminance of 10 lx resulted in visibility well above the threshold even in the presence of glare, and an illuminance of 30 lx resulted in suprathreshold visibility for these conditions as well. The results of these computational analyses were largely confirmed in a full-scale, outdoor field demonstration attended by transportation agency engineers and highway contractors. Together, the findings suggest that when lighting systems provide sufficient glare control, light levels do not always need to be especially high to ensure adequate visibility for workers.
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| 9. |
- Dincel, Seren, et al.
(author)
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Light formed through urban morphology and different organism groups: First findings from a systematic review.
- 2024
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In: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1320, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevailing implementation and usage of contemporary lighting technologies and design practices in cities have created over-illuminated built environments. Recent studies indicate that exposure to electric lighting effects formed through spatial characteristics has visual, physiological, and behavioural effects on both humans and non-humans, such as wildlife. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact that electric lighting has on space and different organism groups, a comprehensive literature review was conducted applying PRISMA 2020 systematic review guidelines. Results of the searches from various databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, identified 5260 related studies. A total of 55 papers connected to four themes: (1) urban morphology; (2) human visual impressions; (3) ecological impacts; and (4) design approaches and methods were analysed with a focus on urban morphology. The review provided the following general findings: lighting properties alone are inadequate to depict visual impressions of pedestrians, patterns formed through light interacting with spatial characteristics can contribute to understanding how spaces are visually perceived and help characterising the exposure of wildlife organisms to potential disturbances.
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| 10. |
- Dincel, Seren
(author)
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NorDark Testbed, Uppsala/SE Light Level Measurements, Methods and Values : Technical Report, Part I
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- First part of the technical report outlines the procedures and summary information of the measured results of illuminance and luminance levels conducted in Sävja, Uppsala for specific day and timeframe during the period of November 2022 and February 2023. This report provides a step-by-step overview of the process of defining the project site, the light measurement locations, the development of a light measurement protocol, and the results of the light measurements as well as computer simulations. The first part of the technical report includes horizontal ground and vertical eye level illuminance (lux) measurements. The work was conducted as part of the interdisciplinary research project NorDark.
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