| 1. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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PU2B-modellen - En introduktion till Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) utifrån användarcentrerad systemdesign
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Idén till PU2B-modellen uppstod under en god måltid där författarna konstaterat att det trots mycket kunskap, saknas effektiva former för tillämpningar när det kommer till ämnesområdena Human Factors och Systems engineering. Då vi båda nu varit verksamma tillräckligt länge för att själva anse oss ha tagit del av både teoretiska och praktiska aspekter av ämnesområdena, kunde det konstateras att det visst fanns riktigt bra metoder för både teoretiker och praktiker men att det saknades en enkel brygga mellan de två världarna.Denna rapport presenterar den nya PU2B-modellen, vilken är ett försök i att på ett enkelt sätt möjliggöra en start av modellering på ett sätt som ska vara lättillgänglig och användbart. PU2B-modellen är också tänkt att överbrygga traditionella områden som marknad, användarnytta, användbarhet och teknisk lösning.Fokus för skrivande av rapporten har varit att skapa ett material som presenterar modellen i ett sammanhang och visar på hur den kan användas praktiskt. Detta fokus har medfört att exemplen kanske ur vissa perspektiv inte presenteras formellt korrekt i alla delar. Om du kommit så här lång borde resten gå lätt, vi hoppas du har nytta av PU2B-modellen. Självklart tar vi gärna feedback!
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| 2. |
- de Vries, Linda, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Visualising safety: The potential for using sociotechnical systems models in prospective safety assessment and design
- 2019
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 111, s. 80-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 There is growing emphasis within safety science and Human Factors/Ergonomics on the benefits of applying a sociotechnical systems perspective in order to influence design and thereby improve safety in everyday operations. This article examines how viewing work as a sociotechnical system – using visual models and representations – helps in understanding how work is performed and how it contributes to safe operations. A series of five models, developed using methods from Activity Theory, Cybernetics, Cognitive Systems Engineering and Resilience Engineering, are used to illustrate the work of maritime pilots and Vessel Traffic Services operators. Each model is examined using a modelling framework for prospective safety assessment, with the conclusion that it is how the models are applied, rather than their underlying methodologies, which determines their usefulness in this context. Different models highlight different aspects of work and facilitate discussion of safety, for example in a participatory design process, and we discuss criteria to guide their use and evaluation.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Robert, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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PU2B-model, connecting Human Factors and Systems Engineering for effective Product Development
- 2015
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Ingår i: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper exemplifies the close relation that is need between Systems Engineering and Human Factors if systems under development are to be proficient. The relationship between the two domains is elaborated through the PU2B-model, Product Utility Usability Business Model, which is a high level meta model developed to support decision making in systems design. The PU2B-model will present how the two fields, Human Factors and Systems Engineering, relate to each other and can be combined to get the most out of both.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Jonas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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To Develop Viable Human Factors Engineering Methods for Improved Industrial Use
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 6769 LNCS:PART 1, s. 355-362
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human factors engineering methodology is important for design ofcomplex systems, such as control rooms and distributed control systems.Available methodologies are however seldom adapted to industrial needs,which limits the use of the existing human factors engineering research base. Inthis paper we argue that human factors engineering methods have to bedeveloped and adapted to the engineer working under industrial projectconstraints. Otherwise human factors engineering is unlikely to achieve a broadindustrial impact. The paper suggests how the industrial viability of methodscan be improved by applying a use centered approach to method development.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Jonas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Visualisation of automatic sequences - integration with process mimic display
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Room Design. - 9780955422553 ; , s. 290-297
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a generic conceptual interface to visualise automatic sequences in process industry applications exemplified by a feed water sub-system. The design is based on operators’ information need during use of automatic sequences. The information need was elicited using interviews with nuclear power, thermal power and pulp and paper plant operators. By integrating process mimics, time line and logical conditions, the observability of automatic sequences was improved. The interface has the potential to enhance operators’ ability to observe automatic system activity, avoid black box automation and thus reduce the possibility of out-of-the-loop effects.
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| 6. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption of ergonomic features in a new reach truck cabin design – a usability study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815. ; 41:Supplement 1, s. 1486-1492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The task of handling reach trucks frequently involves poor working postures. The location of the steering wheel in most reach trucks is in front of the operator which requires the drivers to bend forward and stretch their hands for holding onto the steering wheel. To overcome visibility restrictions, this posture is aggravated by twisting and bending their torso sideways. This paper presents a usability study which was conducted to compare adoption of ergonomic features in a new reach truck cabin with the way they were intended to be employed for improving physical working conditions. Participants drove the reach truck on a test track performing tasks of varying complexity. Video recordings were utilized to facilitate the observations. The results indicate that improved ergonomics features of the reach truck are not used as intended. The test subjects instead adopted postures that they were accustomed to when driving common reach trucks. The possible contributing factors to this posture regression are discussed. The procedure used in this study is recommended for the companies to determine the effectiveness and adoption of ergonomics solutions.
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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An Activity Centered Design framework for Determining Design Decision Levels in Production Systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 490, s. 455-463
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the ACD3-Production framework – a twodimensionalmodel whose purpose is to visualize and clarify the scope, impactand organizational position of design decisions. The abbreviation stands forActivity-Centered Design Decision Determination and is based on a similarframework for product development that supports design decision-making inproduct design. The framework characterizes design problems along the twodimensions of Abstraction levels and Design perspectives; it is postulated thatdesign decisions are made at the intersection of these, and that the productionsystem’s overarching purposes will propagate coherently down to the physicaldetailed design level if the design work follows the top-down process indicatedin the framework. ACD3-Production is visually represented in the form of amatrix that can facilitate discussions between design change agents, in order todetermine where in the production system there are problems, where specificeffects are desired, and where to implement a design change.
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a stakeholder identification and analysis method for human factors integration in work system design interventions – Change Agent Infrastructure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Factors and Ergonomics In Manufacturing. - : Wiley. - 1520-6564 .- 1090-8471. ; 32:1, s. 151-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In any work system design intervention—for example, a physical workplace redesign, a work process change, or an equipment upgrade—it is often emphasized how important it is to involve stakeholders in the process of analysis and design, to gain their perspectives as input to the development, and ensure their future acceptance of the solution. While the users of an artifact or workplace are most often regarded as being the most important stakeholders in a design intervention, in a work‐system context there may be additional influential stakeholders who influence and negotiate the design intervention's outcomes, resource allocation, requirements, and implementation. Literature shows that it is uncommon for empirical ergonomics and human factors (EHF) research to apply and report the use of any structured stakeholder identification method at all, leading to ad‐hoc selections of whom to consider important. Conversely, other research fields offer a plethora of stakeholder identification and analysis methods, few of which seem to have been adopted in the EHF context. This article presents the development of a structured method for identification, classification, and qualitative analysis of stakeholders in EHF‐related work system design intervention. It describes the method's EHF-related theoretical underpinnings, lessons learned from four use cases, and the incremental development of the method that has resulted in the current method procedure and visualization aids. The method, called Change Agent Infrastructure (abbreviated CHAI), has a mainly macroergonomic purpose, set on increasing the understanding of sociotechnical interactions that create the conditions for work system design intervention, and facilitating participative efforts.
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| 9. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Using the ACD3-ladder to manage multi-phase requirements on end-user products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670872 ; 4:DS87-4, s. 425-434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the development of any end-user product, a multitude of design decisions need to be made. But if design activities and decisions happen at the wrong time, or not at all, unintentional and sometimes negative design outcomes can be the result. Determining all requirements early in the product development is traditionally recommended, but may force design decisions to be made prematurely onthe basis of incomplete preconditions. Requirements at different degrees of resolution are useful and purposeful at different stages of the development process. To address these requirements management challenges, this paper proposes an approach for incrementally developing requirements in parallel with design, based upon a previously developed framework called ACD³, which draws on a combination of theoretically compatible ideas and concepts from Design Engineering, Human Factors/Ergonomics,Usability and Systems Theory. This approach helps designers identify and handle the possible interdependencies of design variables. The paper also theoretically motivates and demonstrates with an example how the different resolution levels of requirements relate within the framework.
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| 10. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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ACD³ - a new framework for activity-centered design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign, NordDesign 2016. - 9781904670803 ; 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the design process of a product, a variety of design variables are gradually determined – this happens either intentionally when design decisions are made, or unintentionally when design variables are determined by limitations brought about by circumstances. At the same time, product development in teams complicates the design process if the interdependencies of design decisions are not transparent. If decisions are made at the wrong time, or not at all, the design may not end up being coherent with the product’s overall purpose, which negatively impacts the final result of the development. To address this problem, the present paper presents the ACD³-framework, a newly developed product development mapping tool that visualizes where design decisions can be coherently made through a clear structure, while allowing flexibility so as not to inhibit a design organization’s innovation and creativity. To map the interrelationship between several design aspects at once, the framework is made up of three dimensions of design (the D³ in ACD³): levels, perspectives and activities. The three dimensions provide a systemic and systematic framework that organises design work at different abstraction levels within a common structure. From this foundation, two coherent models that together make up the framework are derived: the ACD³-matrix and the ACD³-process. These models are useful for planning and carrying out the right activities, at the right level in the organization, at the right stage of the development work.
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