| 1. |
- Engstrand, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
Development of a bioactive implant for repair and potential healing of cranial defects
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 120:1, s. 273-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The repair of complex craniofacial bone defects is challenging and a successful result is dependent on the size of the defect, quality of the soft tissue covering the defect, and choice of reconstruction method. The objective of this study was to develop a bioactive cranial implant that could provide a permanent reconstructive solution to the patient by stimulating bone healing of the defect. In this paper the authors report on the feasibility and clinical results of using such a newly developed device for the repair of a large traumatic and therapy-resistant cranial bone defect. The patient had undergone numerous attempts at repair, in which established methods had been tried without success. A mosaic-designed device was manufactured and implanted, comprising interconnected ceramic tiles with a defined calcium phosphate composition. The clinical outcome 30 months after surgery revealed a restored cranial vault without postoperative complications. Computed tomography demonstrated signs of bone ingrowth. Examination with combined 18F-fluoride PET and CT provided further evidence of bone healing of the cranial defect.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Ingrid, 1990-, et al.
(author)
-
Microscopic and macroscopic simulation of early freight train departures
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Sweden and other countries it is not an uncommon practice that freight trains depart more or less on-demand instead of strictly following a pre-planned timetable. However, the systematic effects of freight trains departing late or, in particular, early has long been a contested issue. Although some microscopic simulation tools currently have the capability to evaluate the effect of freight trains departing before schedule, it has yet not been established how macroscopic simulation tools, capable of fast simulation of nation-wide networks, can manage such tasks. This paper uses a case study on a line between two large freight yards in Sweden to investigate how the results of microscopic and macroscopic simulation, represented by two modern simulation tools, differ when it comes to this particular problem. The main findings are that both the microscopic and the macroscopic tools could replicate the empirical punctuality fairly well, with the macroscopic case study results being closer to the empirical data. Furthermore, allowing early departures of freight trains increased overall freight train punctuality without any major impact on passenger train punctuality, as determined by both tools. The results are encouraging, but further studies are needed to determine if macroscopic simulation is on-par with microscopic simulation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johansson, Ingrid, 1990-, et al.
(author)
-
Microscopic and macroscopic simulation of early freight train departures
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden and other countries it is not an uncommon practice that freight trains depart more or less on-demand instead of strictly following a pre-planned timetable. However, the systematic effects of freight trains departing late or (in particular) early has long been a contested issue. Although some microscopic simulation tools currently have the capability to evaluate the effect of freight trains departing before schedule, it has yet not been established how macroscopic simulation tools, capable of fast simulation of nation-wide networks, can manage such tasks. This paper uses a case study on a line between two large freight yards in Sweden to investigate how the results of microscopic and macroscopic simulation, represented by two modern simulation tools, differ when it comes to this particular problem. The main findings are that both the microscopic and the macroscopic tools replicated the empirical punctuality fairly well. Furthermore, allowing early departures of freight trains increased overall freight train punctuality while the passenger train punctuality decreased slightly, as determined by both tools. The results are encouraging, but further studies are needed to determine if macroscopic simulation is on-par with microscopic simulation.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Minbashi, Niloofar, 1990-, et al.
(author)
-
Machine learning-assisted macro simulation for yard arrival prediction
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing the modal share of the single wagonload transport in Europe requires improving the reliability and predictability of freight trains running between the yards. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning-assisted macro simulation framework to increase the predictability of yard departures and arrivals. Machine learning is applied through a random forest algorithm to implement a yard departure prediction model. Our yard departure prediction approach is less complex compared to previous yard simulation approaches, and provides an accuracy level of 92% in predictions. Then, departure predictions assist a macro simulation network model (PROTON) to predict arrivals to the succeeding yards. We tested this framework using data from a stretch between two main yards in Sweden; our experiments show that the current framework performs better than the timetable and a basic machine learning arrival prediction model by R2 of 0.48 and a mean absolute error of 35 minutes. Our current results indicate that combination of approaches, including yard and network interactions, can yield competitive results for complex yard arrival time prediction tasks which can assist yard operators and infrastructure managers in yard re-planning processes and yard-network coordination respectively.
|
|
| 6. |
- Rantakokko, Jouni, et al.
(author)
-
Positioning of emergency personnel in rescue operations :
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Summary and recommendations Presently, GPS-equipped mobile phones are launched at a large scale, enabling a variety of positioning based services. Indeed, GPS is expected to be the future killer application for mobile phones and services. The concept of accurate positioning by technical means implies a large number of applications not only for the mass market, but also for rescue services, fire brigades, police forces, and military and so on. For professional and governmental safety-of-life services the current systems are far from usable and large efforts have to be concentrated on research and development. Technologies based on GPS and other satellite-based positioning systems alone are vulnerable and are expected to malfunction in indoor or challenging electromagnetic environments, or due to antagonistic measures. Satellite-based positioning is a key component in a robust communication and positioning system aimed for first responders. Satellite based positioning in combination with local radio-based positioning systems and dead-reckoning or inertial navigation systems are enablers to fulfill the users? requirements on accuracy and availability of the positioning service. Sweden is a competent player within security. Around 300 companies with some 22.000 employees have been identified within the area. Swedish industry, research institutes and universities are expected to take part in international consortiums within EU FP7, as well as being a player within DHS funded research and development within the personal positioning and navigation area. The market potential for professional and safety-of-life personal equipment for robust positioning and communication with suitable means for information presentation is significant. In the US and the EU there are some 2 million incident responders each. On a national level we count some 35.000 fire fighters, police, and military personnel in international operations. A migration of the technology to private end-consumers as implemented in consumer electronics opens up a gigantic market for wireless services within navigation, gaming, and position-awareness services. Within the project positioning of first responders in rescue operations, robust positioning has been studied. From a system perspective, technologies for positioning of personnel are key system components within a platform for positioning, information transfer for command and control, and information processing and presentation for the personnel at all levels. \? Systems for training are needed to introduce the end-user to the technology, and for training and simulation of novel strategies enabled by the technology. Stationary training systems can be implemented with state-of-the art positioning methods. Feedback from the end-user to the R&D community is instrumental in the specification and development of future means for positioning of first responders. A research infrastructure, or test-bed, for implementation and evaluation of robust positioning is an essential tool. \? The functionality of the equipment has to be robust against hostile electromagnetic environments, either due to the actual physical environment (indoor scenario, intersystem interference from nearby electronic equipment, scenario within a large steel constructions, or power plant, etc), or due to electronic warfare antagonistic actions. Research has to be performed in several areas such as channel characterization for radio positioning, quality of satellite signals subjected to interference, and integrity of sensor information due to external influences. \? Contemporary MEMS-technology provides small-size sensors with low energy consumption. The rapid development within sensor technologies enables data fusion from a plurality of sensors by digital signal processing. Fundamental issues within digital signal processing have to be studied in several fields, including methods to enhance sensor performance by incorporating behavioral modeling; fusion of digital information from a plurality of sensors; aspects of hardware implementation to fulfill requirements on size, weight and uptime, and software defined receivers for radio-based positioning, communication and mapping. In summary, future systems for positioning of first responders in rescue operations rely on the development of infra-structure aimed for end-users in a training scenario; and a platform for R&D-purposes. In parallel, fundamental issues have to be studied regarding the electromagnetic environment, as well as methodologies in digital signal processing.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Velander, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
An Ultralow Loss Inductorless dv/dt Filter Concept for Medium-Power Voltage Source Motor Drive Converters With SiC Devices
- 2018
-
In: IEEE transactions on power electronics. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 33:7, s. 6072-6081
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a novel dv/dt filter is presented targeted for 100-kW to 1-MW voltage source converters using silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. This concept uses the stray inductance between the power device and the converter output as a filter component in combination with an additional small RC-link. Hence, a lossy, bulky, and costly filter inductor is avoided and the resulting output dv/dt is limited to 5-10 kV/mu s independent of the output current and switching speed of the SiC devices. As a consequence, loads with dv/dt constraints, e.g., motor drives can be fed from SiC devices enabling full utilization of their high switching speed. Moreover, a filter-model is proposed for the selection of filter component values for a certain dv/dt requirement. Finally, results are shown using a 300-A 1700-V SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). These results show that the converter output dv/dt can be limited to 7.5 kV/mu s even though values up to 47 kV/mu s weremeasured across the SiC MOSFET module. Hence, the total switching losses, including the filter losses, are verified to be three times lower compared to when the MOSFET dv/dt was slowed down by adjusting the gate driver.
|
|
