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- Döringer, Nora, et al.
(author)
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Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT
- 2016
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In: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 137:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate a manualized theory-driven primary preventive intervention aimed at early childhood obesity. The intervention was embedded in Swedish child health services, starting when eligible children were 9 to 10 months of age and continuing until the children reached age 4. METHODS: Child health care centers in 8 Swedish counties were randomized into intervention and control units and included 1355 families with 1369 infants. Over similar to 39 months, families in the intervention group participated in 1 group session and 8 individual sessions with a nurse trained in motivational interviewing, focusing on healthy food habits and physical activity. Families in the control group received care as usual. Primary outcomes were children's BMI, overweight prevalence, and waist circumference at age 4. Secondary outcomes were children's and mothers' food and physical activity habits and mothers' anthropometrics. Effects were assessed in linear and log-binominal regression models using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in children's BMI (beta = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.31 to 0.08), waist circumference (beta = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.04), and prevalence of overweight (relative risk = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.32). No significant intervention effects were observed in mothers' anthropometric data or regarding mothers' and children's physical activity habits. There was a small intervention effect in terms of healthier food habits among children and mothers. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant group differences in children's and mothers' anthropometric data and physical activity habits. There was, however, some evidence suggesting healthier food habits, but this should be interpreted with caution.
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- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Paradoxical intention for insomnia : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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In: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; , s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paradoxical intention (PI) has been considered an evidence-based treatment for insomnia since the 1990s, but it has not been evaluated with modern review techniques such as meta-analysis. The present study aimed to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that explore the effectiveness of PI for insomnia on insomnia symptomatology and theory-derived processes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching for eligible articles or dissertations in six online bibliographic databases. Randomised controlled trials and experimental studies comparing PI for insomnia to active and passive comparators and assessing insomnia symptoms as outcomes were included. A random effects model was estimated to determine the standardised mean difference Hedge's g at post-treatment. Test for heterogeneity was performed, fail-safe N was calculated, and study quality was assessed. The study was pre-registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019137357). A total of 10 trials were identified. Compared to passive comparators, PI led to large improvements in key insomnia symptoms. Relative to active comparators, the improvements were smaller, but still moderate for several central outcomes. Compared to passive comparators, PI resulted in great reductions in sleep-related performance anxiety, one of several proposed mechanisms of change for PI. PI for insomnia resulted in marked clinical improvements, large relative to passive comparators and moderate compared to active comparators. However, methodologically stronger studies are needed before more firm conclusions can be drawn.
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- Arbogast, Kristy B, et al.
(author)
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Child Occupant Protection: Latest Knowledge and Future Opportunities – Results of a 2015 Workshop in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2015
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In: 13th International Conference on Protection of children in cars, December 3 – 4, Munich, Germany.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Child occupant protection research remains a critical need for industry, academia, government and safety advocacy organizations. While reductions in fatalities and serious injuries have been achieved, motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death and disability for children and adolescents and as a result, represent a public health priority.To facilitate international coordination and sharing of knowledge around this topic, the fourth biennial international workshop on Child Occupant Protection was convened in September 2015, bringing together worldwide leaders in the fields of child occupant protection, biomechanics, and auto safety to critically review the state-of-knowledge in the field and identify high-priority research topics and strategize toward their implementation.Summaries of previous workshops were presented at the 2011 and 2013 Protection of Children in Cars Conferences. The following describes the recommendations that emanated from the 2015 meeting.
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