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- Acero, F., et al.
(author)
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HESS upper limits on very high energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar GRS 1915+105
- 2009
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 508:3, s. 1135-1140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. High energy particles reside in the relativistic jets of microquasars, making them possible sources of very high energy radiation (VHE, > 100 GeV). Detecting this emission would provide a new handle on jet physics. Aims. Observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 with the HESS telescope array were undertaken in 2004-2008 to search for VHE emission. Methods. Stereoscopic imaging of Cherenkov radiation from extensive air showers is used to reconstruct the energy and direction of the incident gamma rays. Results. There is no evidence for a VHE gamma-ray signal either from the direction of the microquasar or its vicinity. An upper limit of 6.1 x 10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) (99.9% confidence level) is set on the photon flux above 410 GeV, equivalent to a VHE luminosity of similar to 10(34) erg s(-1) at 11 kpc. Conclusions. The VHE to X-ray luminosity ratio in GRS 1915+105 is at least four orders of magnitude lower than the ratio observed in gamma-ray binaries. The VHE radiative efficiency of the compact jet is less than 0.01% based on its estimated total power of 10(38) erg s(-1). Particle acceleration in GRS 1915+105 is not efficient at high energies and/or the magnetic field is too strong. It is also possible that VHE gamma-rays are produced by GRS 1915+105, but the emission is highly time-dependent.
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- Astashkin, Sergey V., et al.
(author)
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Rademacher functions in BMO
- 2011
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In: Studia Mathematica. - : Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences. - 0039-3223 .- 1730-6337. ; 205:1, s. 83-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Rademacher sums are investigated in the BMO space on [0,1]. They span an uncomplemented subspace, in contrast to the dyadic BMOd space on [0,1], where they span a complemented subspace isomorphic to l2. Moreover, structural properties of infinite-dimensional closed subspaces of the span of the Rademacher functions in BMO are studied and an analog of the Kadec–Pełczyński type alternative with l2 and c0 spaces is proved.
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- Bonander, Fredrik, 1973-
(author)
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Party membership and state subsidies : a comparative study
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis tests the hypothesis that increasing state subsidies to political parties cause a declined party membership. The theory that predicted this development was constructed by Epstein in 1967 and presented in his book Political Parties in Western Democracies. The theoretical propositions have been debated by political scientists since then, but no thorough test has been conducted. In order to test the hypothesis state subsidies data and party membership data was collected for the national parties from eight states. The data was then analysed by use of the panel data models. Panel data models make use of the regression analysis technique. Examples of specialized such models are analysis through the fundamental parameter of change, first differencing and pooled analysis. The results provided by the models proved to not give a straight answer. Instead, the results pointed in different directions. The most likely interpretation of the results is that increasing state subsidies to political parties does not cause a decline in party membership. To validate such a result would require that most of the results pointed in the same direction. Thus, the hypothesis of the investigation should be considered falsified. Instead the focus of future studies should probably be directed at the supply side of party membership. When party membership decline is explained by the supply side this means that the decline is explained by people stop having motive to become party members. However, it is important to remember that other interpretations of the results are possible as well.
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- Bonander, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Telefonmötets vårdrelation
- 2007
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In: Vård i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 86:27, s. 4-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A large part of the work a nurse conducts at a Primary Care Centre consists of counselling patients over the phone. The patients are sorted and prioritised on the basis of these conversations. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how the patients experience the caring relationship with the nurse during phone counselling at a Primary Care Centre. Method: In-dept interviews were conducted with ten adult Swedish speaking persons who contacted a nurse at two Medical Care Centres, during a two week period. Results: The patients experienced that they received a good caring relationship with the nurses. This meant to be treated friendly, be taken seriously and to be able to have a dialog about their problems with the nurse. They wanted to feel unique, empowered and treated as individuals. They could sometimes feel disappointed when an unbalance occurred between the expectations of the patients and the advice they received. Nurses that were stressed influenced the caring relationship in a negative way. Conclusions: Overall the patients experienced a good caring relationship with the nurses, but the nurses were not always aware of how they where perceived.
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