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- Horvath, I., et al.
(author)
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A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease
- 2017
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 49:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (FeNO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for FeNO, official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and FeNO, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management. Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members. Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised. Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.
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- Cuevas Ocaña, Sara, et al.
(author)
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ERS International Congress 2022 : highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly
- 2023
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In: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 9:2
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this review, the Basic and Translational Science Assembly of the European Respiratory Society provides an overview of the 2022 International Congress highlights. We discuss the consequences of respiratory events from birth until old age regarding climate change related alterations in air quality due to pollution caused by increased ozone, pollen, wildfires and fuel combustion as well as the increasing presence of microplastic and microfibres. Early life events such as the effect of hyperoxia in the context of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and crucial effects of the intrauterine environment in the context of pre-eclampsia were discussed. The Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA) was put forward as a new point of reference for healthy human lungs. The combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial data in the HLCA has enabled the discovery of new cell types/states and niches, and served as a platform that facilitates further investigation of mechanistic perturbations. The role of cell death modalities in regulating the onset and progression of chronic lung diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target was also discussed. Translational studies identified novel therapeutic targets and immunoregulatory mechanisms in asthma. Lastly, it was highlighted that the choice of regenerative therapy depends on disease severity, ranging from transplantation to cell therapies and regenerative pharmacology.
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- Reitsema, R., 1994-, et al.
(author)
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ABERRANT PHENOTYPE OF CIRCULATING ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND POLYMYLAGIA RHEUMATICA
- 2023
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : HighWire Press. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 82:Suppl. 1, s. 1071-1071
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) are overlapping diseases occurring exclusively in people older than 50 years. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), are main contributors to the immunopathology of GCA and PMR. In GCA tissues, DCs may be prone to activation, leading to chemokine production and recruitment of CD4+ T-cells and monocytes to the arterial wall. However, little is known about APC phenotypes in the peripheral blood at the time of GCA/PMR diagnosis.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the phenotype of the circulating monocytes and DCs in GCA and PMR patients.Methods: APCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of treatment-naive GCA and PMR patients were compared to those in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry (n=15 in each group). Using a 13-colour panel, we identified three monocyte subsets: classical (CD14+CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16+), and non-classical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes. DC subsets were subdivided in CD303+CD11c- plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD11c+CD141+ conventional DCs (cDC1) and CD11c+CD1c+ conventional DCs (cDC2). Each of these subsets was analysed for expression of pattern recognition receptors (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2) and activation markers (CD86, Programmed Death- Ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD40, HLA-DR, CD11c) by assessing the mean-fluorescence intensity of these markers. Data were analysed by conventional gating strategies and by unsupervised tSNE.Results: GCA and PMR patients displayed a monocytosis, which was due to increases in classical and intermediate monocyte counts, whereas the proportion of non-classical monocytes was reduced. Intermediate monocytes of GCA patients had significantly higher TLR2 expression, a similar trend was observed in non-classical monocytes of GCA and PMR patients. A divergent pattern was observed in the expression of activation markers on classical versus non-classical monocytes: classical monocytes of GCA/PMR patients appeared to be less activated, whereas non-classical monocytes showed an increased marker expression compared to HCs (Figure 1). Even though no differences were observed in DC counts in the peripheral blood, cDC2 counts correlated negatively with CRP levels (r=-0.60 for GCA, r=-0.55 for PMR).Conclusion: Circulating non-classical monocytes, but not DCs, display an activated phenotype in GCA and PMR patients at diagnosis. These cells are thought to be pro-inflammatory, representing the end stage of monocyte maturation in the blood. In contrast, classical monocytes show reduced expression of activation markers in GCA and PMR patients, potentially signalling either an immature or exhausted phenotype. Shown is the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD11c on the surface of monocyte subsets and CD1c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC2). Data are shown for patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) or polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and age-matched healthy controls (HCs), n=15 for each group. Statistics by Mann Whitney U. CD11c expression data for pDCs (no CD11c expression) and cDC1 (too small population) are not shown.
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