| 1. |
- Anklin, Valentin, et al.
(author)
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Learning Whole-Slide Segmentation from Inexact and Incomplete Labels Using Tissue Graphs
- 2021
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In: Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030871956 - 9783030871963 ; , s. 636-646
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Segmenting histology images into diagnostically relevant regions is imperative to support timely and reliable decisions by pathologists. To this end, computer-aided techniques have been proposed to delineate relevant regions in scanned histology slides. However, the techniques necessitate task-specific large datasets of annotated pixels, which is tedious, time-consuming, expensive, and infeasible to acquire for many histology tasks. Thus, weakly-supervised semantic segmentation techniques are proposed to leverage weak supervision which is cheaper and quicker to acquire. In this paper, we propose SEGGINI, a weakly-supervised segmentation method using graphs, that can utilize weak multiplex annotations, i.e., inexact and incomplete annotations, to segment arbitrary and large images, scaling from tissue microarray (TMA) to whole slide image (WSI). Formally, SEGGINI constructs a tissue-graph representation for an input image, where the graph nodes depict tissue regions. Then, it performs weakly-supervised segmentation via node classification by using inexact image-level labels, incomplete scribbles, or both. We evaluated SEGGINI on two public prostate cancer datasets containing TMAs and WSIs. Our method achieved state-of-the-art segmentation performance on both datasets for various annotation settings while being comparable to a pathologist baseline. Code and models are available at: https://github.com/histocartography/seg-gini
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| 2. |
- Jaume, Guillaume, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying Explainers of Graph Neural Networks in Computational Pathology
- 2021
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In: 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665445092 - 9781665445108 ; , s. 8102-8112
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Explainability of deep learning methods is imperative to facilitate their clinical adoption in digital pathology. However, popular deep learning methods and explainability techniques (explainers) based on pixel-wise processing disregard biological entities' notion, thus complicating comprehension by pathologists. In this work, we address this by adopting biological entity-based graph processing and graph explainers enabling explanations accessible to pathologists. In this context, a major challenge becomes to discern meaningful explainers, particularly in a standardized and quantifiable fashion. To this end, we propose herein a set of novel quantitative metrics based on statistics of class separability using pathologically measurable concepts to characterize graph explainers. We employ the proposed metrics to evaluate three types of graph explainers, namely the layer-wise relevance propagation, gradient-based saliency, and graph pruning approaches, to explain Cell-Graph representations for Breast Cancer Subtyping. The proposed metrics are also applicable in other domains by using domain-specific intuitive concepts. We validate the qualitative and quantitative findings on the BRACS dataset, a large cohort of breast cancer RoIs, by expert pathologists.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2013 challenge results
- 2013
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In: 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE. - 9781479930227 ; , s. 98-111
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visual tracking has attracted a significant attention in the last few decades. The recent surge in the number of publications on tracking-related problems have made it almost impossible to follow the developments in the field. One of the reasons is that there is a lack of commonly accepted annotated data-sets and standardized evaluation protocols that would allow objective comparison of different tracking methods. To address this issue, the Visual Object Tracking (VOT) workshop was organized in conjunction with ICCV2013. Researchers from academia as well as industry were invited to participate in the first VOT2013 challenge which aimed at single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance (model-free). Presented here is the VOT2013 benchmark dataset for evaluation of single-object visual trackers as well as the results obtained by the trackers competing in the challenge. In contrast to related attempts in tracker benchmarking, the dataset is labeled per-frame by visual attributes that indicate occlusion, illumination change, motion change, size change and camera motion, offering a more systematic comparison of the trackers. Furthermore, we have designed an automated system for performing and evaluating the experiments. We present the evaluation protocol of the VOT2013 challenge and the results of a comparison of 27 trackers on the benchmark dataset. The dataset, the evaluation tools and the tracker rankings are publicly available from the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Pati, Pushpak, et al.
(author)
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Weakly supervised joint whole-slide segmentation and classification in prostate cancer
- 2023
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In: Medical Image Analysis. - : Elsevier. - 1361-8415 .- 1361-8423.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The identification and segmentation of histological regions of interest can provide significant support to pathologists in their diagnostic tasks. However, segmentation methods are constrained by the difficulty in obtaining pixel-level annotations, which are tedious and expensive to collect for whole-slide images (WSI). Though several methods have been developed to exploit image-level weak-supervision for WSI classification, the task of segmentation using WSI-level labels has received very little attention. The research in this direction typically require additional supervision beyond image labels, which are difficult to obtain in real-world practice. In this study, we propose WholeSIGHT, a weakly-supervised method that can simultaneously segment and classify WSIs of arbitrary shapes and sizes. Formally, WholeSIGHT first constructs a tissue-graph representation of WSI, where the nodes and edges depict tissue regions and their interactions, respectively. During training, a graph classification head classifies the WSI and produces node-level pseudo-labels via post-hoc feature attribution. These pseudo-labels are then used to train a node classification head for WSI segmentation. During testing, both heads simultaneously render segmentation and class prediction for an input WSI. We evaluate the performance of WholeSIGHT on three public prostate cancer WSI datasets. Our method achieves state-of-the-art weakly-supervised segmentation performance on all datasets while resulting in better or comparable classification with respect to state-of-the-art weakly-supervised WSI classification methods. Additionally, we assess the generalization capability of our method in terms of segmentation and classification performance, uncertainty estimation, and model calibration. Our code is available at: https://github.com/histocartography/wholesight.
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