| 1. |
- Niederberger, C., et al.
(author)
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Forty years of IVF
- 2018
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In: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282. ; 110:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This monograph, written by the pioneers of IVF and reproductive medicine, celebrates the history, achievements, and medical advancements made over the last 40 years in this rapidly growing field.
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| 4. |
- Brannigan, Liam, et al.
(author)
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Submesoscale Instabilities in Mesoscale Eddies
- 2017
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In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 47:12, s. 3061-3085
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Submesoscale processes have been extensively studied in observations and simulations of fronts. Recent idealized simulations show that submesoscale instabilities also occur in baroclinic mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones. The instabilities in the anticyclone grow faster and at coarser grid resolution than in the cyclone. The instabilities lead to larger restratification in the anticyclone than in the cyclone. The instabilities also lead to changes in the mean azimuthal jet around the anticyclone from 2-km resolution, but a similar effect only occurs in the cyclone at 0.25-km resolution. A numerical passive tracer experiment shows that submesoscale instabilities lead to deeper subduction in the interior of anticyclonic than cyclonic eddies because of outcropping isopycnals extending deeper into the thermocline in anticyclones. An energetic analysis suggests that both vertical shear production and vertical buoyancy fluxes are important in anticyclones but primarily vertical buoyancy fluxes occur in cyclones at these resolutions. The energy sources and sinks vary azimuthally around the eddies caused by the asymmetric effects of the Ekman buoyancy flux. Glider transects of a mesoscale anticyclone in the Tasman Sea show that water with low stratification and high oxygen concentrations is found in an anticyclone, in a manner that may be consistent with the model predictions for submesoscale subduction in mesoscale eddies.
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| 5. |
- Cournia, Zoe, et al.
(author)
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Membrane Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics : a Perspective from Experiments and Theory
- 2015
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In: Journal of Membrane Biology. - : Springer. - 0022-2631 .- 1432-1424. ; 248:4, s. 611-640
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Membrane proteins mediate processes that are fundamental for the flourishing of biological cells. Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes; receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment and membrane-embedded enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. Understanding these mechanisms of action requires knowledge of how the proteins couple to their fluid, hydrated lipid membrane environment. We present here current studies in computational and experimental membrane protein biophysics, and show how they address outstanding challenges in understanding the complex environmental effects on the structure, function, and dynamics of membrane proteins.
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| 6. |
- Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., et al.
(author)
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Vigorous lateral export of the meltwater outflow from beneath an Antarctic ice shelf
- 2017
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 542:7640, s. 219-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The instability and accelerated melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are among the foremost elements of contemporary global climate change la. The increased freshwater output from Antarctica is important in determining sea level rise(1,3), the fate of Antarctic sea ice and its effect on the Earth's albedo(4,5), ongoing changes in global deep-ocean ventilation(3,6), and the evolution of Southern Ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling(7,8). A key uncertainty in assessing and predicting the impacts of Antarctic Ice Sheet melting concerns the vertical distribution of the exported meltwater. This is usually represented by climate-scale models(3-5,9) as a near-surface freshwater input to the ocean, yet measurements around Antarctica reveal the meltwater to be concentrated at deeper levels(10-14). Here we use observations of the turbulent properties of the meltwater outflows from beneath a rapidly melting Antarctic ice shelf to identify the mechanism responsible for the depth of the meltwater. We show that the initial ascent of the meltwater outflow from the ice shelf cavity triggers a centrifugal overturning instability that grows by extracting kinetic energy from the lateral shear of the background oceanic flow. The instability promotes vigorous lateral export, rapid dilution by turbulent mixing, and finally settling of meltwater at depth. We use an idealized ocean circulation model to show that this mechanism is relevant to a broad spectrum of Antarctic ice shelves. Our findings demonstrate that the mechanism producing meltwater at depth is a dynamically robust feature of Antarctic melting that should be incorporated into climate-scale models.
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