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- Brink, Annie, et al.
(author)
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Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in a Population-Based Historical Cohort Study of Middle-Aged and Older Individuals
- 2023
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 12:5, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Whether sex-specific differences exist for risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT), with the exception of pregnancy and estrogen therapy, has been sparsely studied. We aimed to study whether sex-specific differences of risk factors exist for noncancer-related DVT and PE in middle-aged and older individuals without cardiovascular history or previous diagnosis in a population-based historical (retrospective) cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Potential venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors were registered at baseline in 15 807 women and 9996 men aged 44 to 74 years, who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991–1996). We excluded subjects with a previous history of VTE, cancer, a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, or a diagnosis of cancer-associated VTE during follow-up. Patients were followed up from baseline until the first event of PE or DVT, death, or December 31, 2018. During the follow-up period, 365 (2.3%) women and 168 (1.7%) men were affected by first DVT, and 309 (2.0%) women and 154 (1.5%) men were affected by first PE. In the multivariable Cox regression models, the anthropometric obesity markers of weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, fat percentage, and muscle weight were in a dose-dependent way associated with DVT and PE among women but not men. In an analysis that included patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer-related VTE, the results were similar for women. For men, several obesity measures became significantly associated with PE or DVT but were weaker than in women, especially for DVT. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric obesity measures are more important risk factors for both DVT and PE among women than men, especially for individuals without cardiovascular history or previous diagnosis or cancer-related VTE.
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| 2. |
- Fuzzi, Sandro, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the Po valley fog experiment 1994 (CHEMDROP)
- 1998
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In: Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. - 0005-8173. ; 71:1, s. 3-19
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents an outline of the CHEMDROP field experiment, carried out in November 1994 at the field station of S. Pietro Capofiume in the Po Valley, Italy. The main objective of the project was to address the issue of the size-dependent chemical composition of fog droplets, by experimentally investigating the following processes, which are expected to affect (or be affected by) the chemical composition of fog droplets as a function of size: a) the connection of the size-dependent chemical composition of CCN to the size-dependent composition of fog droplets; b) the gas/liquid partitioning of the gaseous species NH3, SO2, HCHO, HNO3 in fog; c) the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycle in fog water. Some general results and overall conclusions of the experiment are reported in this paper, while more specific scientific questions are discussed in other companion papers in this issue. CHEMDROP results show that several processes concur in determining the size-dependence of fog droplets chemical composition: nucleation scavenging of pre-existing CCN, fog dynamical evolution and gas/liquid exchange between interstitial air and fog droplets. Chemical transformations in the liquid phase can cause further changes in the chemical composition of the droplets. Only by taking into account the combination of all these processes, is it possible to explain the inhomogeneities in fog droplet chemical composition.
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| 3. |
- Holm, Olof, 1973-
(author)
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Självägarområdenas egenart : Jämtland och andra områden i Skandinavien med småskaligt jordägande 900–1500
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis takes its departure from the fact that in the 16th century there were some regions in Scandinavia where almost all land was held by freeholders, while in other regions large areas of land were held by landlords. The aim of the study is to determine which factors had been decisive in the development of this regional variation. One factor is known from earlier research: the conditions for farming, dependent on climate and natural features. In this thesis the author points out another important factor, namely the conditions for people in the countryside to acquire surplus from trade. This is done through an in-depth investigation of the society of Jämtland in the period AD 900–1500, which is then compared with other freeholders’ regions, treated briefly.It is observed that the landownership had been small-scale or mostly small-scale in all these regions for many centuries before the 16th century, and that there are strong indications of the wealthiest farmers being traders and having their surplus mostly drawn from trade activities. It is reasonable to believe that the lack of willingness to invest in estates in these regions was due to the fact that those who had resources gave priority to investments in interregional and regional trade instead. They probably saw better chances of gaining more surplus from trade activities than from the agrarian economy, given the conditions for trading and crop cultivation, respectively, that were prevailing there. In such a region, hence, an important economic force for estate-formation was missing. This will explain why certain regions, like Jämtland or Gotland, developed into and remained as freeholders’ regions.Another observation concerns the social structure of freeholders’ regions. It is observed that the societies in these regions seem to have been less hierarchical on the local level than societies in regions dominated by landlords – even though the differences in fortunes could be great.
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| 5. |
- Yadav, Ravi, et al.
(author)
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Heavy-mass magnetic modes in pyrochlore iridates due to dominant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
- 2018
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In: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 2:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Materials with strong spin-orbit interactions are presently a main target in the search for systems with novel magnetic properties. Magnetic anisotropies can be very large in such compounds, ranging from strongly frustrated Kitaev exchange and the associated spin-liquid states in honeycomb iridates to robust antisymmetric couplings in square-lattice Sr2IrO4. Here we predict from ab initio quantum chemistry calculations that another highly unusual regime is realized in pyrochlore iridium oxides: the isotropic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg term can vanish while the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction reaches values as large as 5 meV, a result which challenges common notions and existing phenomenological models of magnetic superexchange. The resulting spin-excitation spectra reveal a very flat magnon dispersion in the Nd- and Tb-based pyrochlore iridates, suggesting the possibility of using these modes to store magnetic information. Indeed, the magnetization dynamics indicates that these modes are unable to propagate out of the excitation region. Although most of the results presented here are predictions of exotic magnetic states based on first-principles theory, we make connections to observations and establish the accuracy of our approach by reproducing experimental data for Sm2Ir2O4.
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