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- Brugård, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Mean Value Engine Modeling of a Turbo Charged Spark Ignited Engine : A Principle Study
- 2001
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Object oriented modeling of physical systems is an interesting paradigm, which has the potential to offer reusable models and model components. The aim of this study i to investigate how to build mean value models for automotive engines. MathModelica, a modeling tool for the object oriented modeling language Modelica, is used in this study. Several sub models have been developed for the different parts of the engine. Th models cover the air filter, intercooler, throttle, base engien, exhaust system, compressor, turbine, turbine shaft, and volumes. It is shown how the components can be connected to form both turbo charged engines as well as a naturally aspirated engines, which shows that the paradigm is applicable for the modeling and confirms the modeling principle. One problem that has popped up att several occasions is the selection of initial conditions for the simulation. Especially when restrictions with low pressure drops are connected between two volumes, the simulation engine has problems finding initial conditions. The models have been compared to measured engine data collected at a test bench in Vehicular Systems laboratory at Linköping University. The agreement with measurement data is good and the models work as expected.
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| 4. |
- Nyman, Elin, et al.
(author)
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A Hierarchical Whole-body Modeling Approach Elucidates the Link between in Vitro Insulin Signaling and in Vivo Glucose Homeostasis
- 2011
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 286:29, s. 26028-26041
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease that profoundly affects energy homeostasis. The disease involves failure at several levels and subsystems and is characterized by insulin resistance in target cells and tissues (i.e. by impaired intracellular insulin signaling). We have previously used an iterative experimental-theoretical approach to unravel the early insulin signaling events in primary human adipocytes. That study, like most insulin signaling studies, is based on in vitro experimental examination of cells, and the in vivo relevance of such studies for human beings has not been systematically examined. Herein, we develop a hierarchical model of the adipose tissue, which links intracellular insulin control of glucose transport in human primary adipocytes with whole-body glucose homeostasis. An iterative approach between experiments and minimal modeling allowed us to conclude that it is not possible to scale up the experimentally determined glucose uptake by the isolated adipocytes to match the glucose uptake profile of the adipose tissue in vivo. However, a model that additionally includes insulin effects on blood flow in the adipose tissue and GLUT4 translocation due to cell handling can explain all data, but neither of these additions is sufficient independently. We also extend the minimal model to include hierarchical dynamic links to more detailed models (both to our own models and to those by others), which act as submodules that can be turned on or off. The resulting multilevel hierarchical model can merge detailed results on different subsystems into a coherent understanding of whole-body glucose homeostasis. This hierarchical modeling can potentially create bridges between other experimental model systems and the in vivo human situation and offers a framework for systematic evaluation of the physiological relevance of in vitro obtained molecular/cellular experimental data.
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