| 1. |
- Wienicke, Frederik J., et al.
(author)
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Efficacy and moderators of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression : A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
- 2023
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In: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 101
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is frequently used to treat depression, but it is unclear which patients might benefit specifically. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses can provide more precise effect estimates than conventional meta-analyses and identify patient-level moderators. This IPD meta-analysis examined the efficacy and moderators of STPP for depression compared to control conditions.Methods: PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched September 1st, 2022, to identify randomized trials comparing STPP to control conditions for adults with depression. IPD were requested and analyzed using mixed-effects models.Results: IPD were obtained from 11 of the 13 (84.6%) studies identified (n = 771/837, 92.1%; mean age = 40.8, SD = 13.3; 79.3% female). STPP resulted in significantly lower depressive symptom levels than control conditions at post-treatment (d = −0.62, 95%CI [−0.76, −0.47], p < .001). At post-treatment, STPP was more efficacious for participants with longer rather than shorter current depressive episode durations.Conclusions: These results support the evidence base of STPP for depression and indicate episode duration as an effect modifier. This moderator finding, however, is observational and requires prospective validation in future large-scale trials.
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| 2. |
- Burk, William J., et al.
(author)
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Alcohol use and friendship dynamics : selection and socialization in early-, middle-, and late-adolescent peer networks
- 2012
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In: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Rutgers University. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 73:1, s. 89-98
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study examined developmental trends of peer selection and socialization related to friends' alcohol use in early-, middle-, and late-adolescent peer networks, with the primary goal of identifying when these mechanisms emerge, when these mechanisms exert their strongest effects, and when (or if) they decrease in importance. Gender and reciprocity are also tested as moderators of selection and socialization.Method: Cross-sequential study (three age cohorts assessed at three annual measurements) of 950 youth (53% male) initially attending classrooms in Grade 4 (n = 314; M = 10.1 years), Grade 7 (n = 335; M = 13.1 years), and Grade 10 (n = 301; M = 16.2 years).Results: Similarity between friends' drinking behaviors emerged in Grade 6, peaked in Grade 8, and decreased throughout late adolescence. Adolescents in all three age groups selected peers with similar drinking behaviors, with effects being more robust for early-adolescent males and for late-adolescent females. Peers' alcohol use emerged as a significant predictor of middle-adolescent alcohol use and remained a significant predictor of individual drinking behaviors throughout late adolescence. Socialization did not differ as a function of gender or reciprocity.Conclusions: Alcohol-related peer selection was relatively more important than socialization in early-adolescent friendship networks; both mechanisms contributed to explaining similarity between the drinking behaviors of friends in middle and late adolescence. Effects of peer socialization emerged in middle adolescence and remained throughout late adolescence. (J Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 89-98, 2012)
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| 3. |
- Burk, William J., et al.
(author)
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Beyond dyadic interdependence : actor-oriented models for co-evolving social networks and individual behaviors
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 31:4, s. 397-404
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Actor-oriented models are described as a longitudinal strategy for examining the co-evolution of social networks and individual behaviors. We argue that these models provide advantages over conventional approaches due to their ability to account for inherent dependencies between individuals embedded in a social network (i.e., reciprocity, transitivity) and model interdependencies between network and behavioral dynamics. We provide a brief explanation of actor-oriented processes, followed by a description of parameter estimates, model specification, and selection procedures used by the Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analyses (SIENA) software program (Snijders, Steglich, Schweinberger, & Huisman, 2006). To illustrate the applicability of these models, we provide an empirical example investigating the co-evolution of friendship networks and delinquent behaviors in a longitudinal sample of Swedish adolescents with the goal of simultaneously assessing selection and influence processes. Findings suggest both processes play a substantive role in the observed dynamics of delinquent behaviors, with influence having a relatively stronger role than selection (especially in reciprocated friendships).
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| 4. |
- Burk, William J., et al.
(author)
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The co-evolution of early adolescent friendship networks, school involvement, and delinquent behaviors
- 2008
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In: Revue française de sociologie. - 0035-2969 .- 1958-5691. ; 49:3, s. 499-522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cette étude examine les processus de sélection et d’influence liés à l’engagement scolaire et au comportement délinquant dans les relations d’amitié chez les adolescents. Nous appliquons des modèles d’analyse de réseaux dynamiques (Snijders, Steglich et Schweinberger, 2007) examinant la co-évolution des comportements et des réseaux à un échantillon longitudinal de jeunes suédois (n = 445) observé pendant cinq ans. Les résultats indiquent que les choix des jeunes sont caractérisés par un fort niveau de réciprocité, de transitivité, d’homophilie de genre et d’homophilie fondée sur des niveaux semblables d’engagement scolaire et de comportement déviant. Des effets d’influence indiquent que les jeunes adoptent les comportements déviants de leurs amis. Le niveau d’engagement scolaire permet de prédire des changements dans le comportement déviant et ce dernier permet en retour de prédire une évolution dans l’engagement scolaire.
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| 5. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, et al.
(author)
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The role of inhibitory control in children’s cooperative behaviors during a structured puzzle task
- 2011
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In: Journal of experimental child psychology (Print). - : Academic Press. - 0022-0965 .- 1096-0457. ; 110:3, s. 287-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the role of inhibitory control (measured by Stroop interference) in children’s cooperative behaviors during a structured puzzle task. The sample consisted of 250 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds (117 girls and 133 boys) attending classrooms in three primary schools in Northern Italy. Children individually completed an elaborated Stroop task, were paired with classmates into 125 dyads, and were observed during a 10-min puzzle task. Results confirmed that interaction partners exhibited similar levels of cooperative behaviors, and the cooperative behaviors of children predicted changes in the cooperative behaviors of their partners throughout the puzzle task. Cooperative behaviors of each interaction partner were predicted by the child’s own inhibitory control as well as the inhibitory control of the partner. Findings are discussed within a developmental contextual framework.
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| 6. |
- Hafen, Christopher A., et al.
(author)
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Homophily in stable and unstable adolescent friendships : Similarity breeds constancy
- 2011
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Pergamon Press. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:5, s. 607-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines homophily among adolescent friends. Participants were drawn from a community-based sample of Swedish youth who ranged from 11 to 18 years old. A total of 436 girls and 338 boys identified their closest friends and described their own delinquent activities, intoxication frequency, achievement motivation, and self-worth. Correlations and difference scores describe similarity between reciprocally nominated friends on each dimension. Adolescents who remained friends from one year to the next tended to be more similar than those who did not, during the friendship and, to a lesser extent, before the friendship. Comparisons with random pairs of same-age peers revealed that age-group homophily accounts for most of the similarity between unstable friends but only a fraction of the similarity between stable friends.
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| 7. |
- Kerr, Margaret, et al.
(author)
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A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective
- 2010
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In: Journal of research on adolescence. - Malden, uSA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1050-8392 .- 1532-7795. ; 20:1, s. 39-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A commonly used measure of parental monitoring is parents’ knowledge of adolescents’ daily activities. This measure has been criticized on the grounds that parents get more knowledge about teenagers’ daily activities through willing youth disclosure than through their own active monitoring efforts, but this claim was based on cross-sectional data. In the present study, we re-examine this claim with longitudinal data over two years from 938 7th and 8th graders and their parents. Youth disclosure was a significant longitudinal predictor of parental knowledge in single-rater and cross-rater models. Neither measure of parents’ monitoring efforts—control or solicitation—was a significant predictor. In analyses involving delinquency, parental monitoring efforts did not predict changes in delinquency over time, but youth disclosure did. We conclude that because knowledge measures do not seem to represent parental monitoring efforts, the conclusions from studies using these measures should be reinterpreted.
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| 8. |
- Laursen, Brett, et al.
(author)
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Incorporating interdependence into developmental research : examples from the study of homophily and homogeneity
- 2008
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In: Modeling dyadic and interdependent data in the developmental and behavioral sciences. - New York : Routledge. - 9780805859737 ; , s. 11-37
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- (From the chapter) Our chapter is divided into three sections. The first section includes an overview of developmental approaches to interdependent data. The limitations of previous analytic strategies will be considered, followed by a discussion of procedures that address these limitations. Although these points apply to research on all close relationships, we will limit our examples to research on peers. Our particular focus is peer similarity, which encompasses selection and socialization influences. The second section describes a novel adaptation of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000; Kenny & Cook, 1999) to longitudinal data on friendship homophily. Conventional APIM procedures are well suited to describe concurrent patterns of association; our modified structural equation modeling approach utilizes multiple group analyses with indistinguishable dyads to shed light on socialization and selection effects across time. The third section describes a new statistical application designed to estimate peer group homogeneity from longitudinal data. The SIENA statistical software package (Snijders, Pattison, Robins, & Handcock, 2006) simultaneously models selection and socialization effects over time. We describe how to partition variance into parameters that ascribe similarity to networks, dyads, and individuals. We close with a call for developmental scholars to take seriously the need to incorporate interdependence into the design of new research.
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| 9. |
- Masche, J. Gowert, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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“I Don’t Tell You!” : Do Parent-Adolescent Interaction Problems Cause Both Low Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Internalizing?
- 2009
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paradoxically, knowledge that parents posses about their adolescent children’s activities declines with age, but low levels of knowledge are associated with externalizing and internalizing problems. Might there only be a small group of adolescents with steeply declining parental knowledge? Or, are interindividual differences in knowledge and its normative decline independent of each other? This study will explore different trajectories of knowledge in order to answer this question.Second, why is low parental knowledge associated with adolescent problems? Focusing on internalizing problems, does parental knowledge really predict them over time, or do they reduce parental knowledge, for example because a depressed or unconfident adolescent tends to withdraw from conversation? This study will determine the direction of effects.Third, if parental knowledge predicts internalizing problems, why is this so? Previous studies suggest that both knowledge and internalizing might result from family interaction processes (Kerr & Stattin, 2000), but the same results could also be read as mediation from knowledge via family interactions to internalizing. Furthermore, knowledge was only partly explained by parent-adolescent interaction processes, lending doubt to the interpretation of parental knowledge as a mere expression of them (Barber, 2005). Thus, parental knowledge might either be an indicator of parent-adolescent communication or a causal factor in its own. This study will contribute to clarification. Aversive parental behaviors and adolescent non-disclosure and oppositional behavior were chosen as predictors because they belong to problematic parent-adolescent interactions and because of their links to adolescent internalizing problems.A representative Swedish community sample of 1,744 adolescents of age 10-14 at T0 was re-assessed at four annual occasions T1-4. Each year, adolescents filled out questionnaires at school.Using Growth Mixture Modeling, three trajectories of parental knowledge, and two trajectories each of self-esteem and depression were revealed across T1-4. The three knowledge trajectories differed in level, but each trajectory had virtually the same age decline.In all subsequent analyses, the effects of predictor variables at T0 on T1-4 trajectories of either knowledge or depression, or self-esteem were tested, above and beyond the stability of the respective dependent variable since T0. These analyses revealed effects of parental knowledge on trajectories of depression and self-esteem, but not vice versa.A conceptual model was concluded from a series of analyses including parent-adolescent interaction variables. If parents exerted aversive behaviors such as being harsh or making fun of their children, these disclosed not much information and behaved oppositional which in turn predicted low levels of parental knowledge. Although knowledge had predicted adolescent depression and low self-esteem when entered in the analyses alone, it did not consistently predict these variables if adolescents’ opposition and non-disclosure were taken into account.In conclusion, the normative decline of parental knowledge and interindividual differences are two independent phenomena which might have different causes. This study has contributed to an understanding of how parent-adolescent interactions lead to interindividual differences in knowledge. Low levels of knowledge were not a consistent causal factor for adolescent internalizing symptoms, but clearly indicated parent-adolescent problems.
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| 10. |
- Masche, J. Gowert, et al.
(author)
-
“I Don’t Tell You!” : Do Parent-Adolescent Interaction Problems Cause Both Low Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Internalizing?
- 2009
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Paradoxically, knowledge that parents posses about their adolescent children’s activities declines with age, but low levels of knowledge are associated with externalizing and internalizing problems. Might there only be a small group of adolescents with steeply declining parental knowledge? Or, are interindividual differences in knowledge and its normative decline independent of each other? This study will explore different trajectories of knowledge in order to answer this question. Second, why is low parental knowledge associated with adolescent problems? Focusing on internalizing problems, does parental knowledge really predict them over time, or do they reduce parental knowledge, for example because a depressed or unconfident adolescent tends to withdraw from conversation? This study will determine the direction of effects. Third, if parental knowledge predicts internalizing problems, why is this so? Previous studies suggest that both knowledge and internalizing might result from family interaction processes (Kerr & Stattin, 2000), but the same results could also be read as mediation from knowledge via family interactions to internalizing. Furthermore, knowledge was only partly explained by parent-adolescent interaction processes, lending doubt to the interpretation of parental knowledge as a mere expression of them (Barber, 2005). Thus, parental knowledge might either be an indicator of parent-adolescent communication or a causal factor in its own. This study will contribute to clarification. Aversive parental behaviors and adolescent non-disclosure and oppositional behavior were chosen as predictors because they belong to problematic parent-adolescent interactions and because of their links to adolescent internalizing problems. A representative Swedish community sample of 1,744 adolescents of age 10-14 at T0 was re-assessed at four annual occasions T1-4. Each year, adolescents filled out questionnaires at school. Using Growth Mixture Modeling, three trajectories of parental knowledge, and two trajectorieseach of self-esteem and depression were revealed across T1-4. The three knowledge trajectories differed in level, but each trajectory had virtually the same age decline. In all subsequent analyses, the effects of predictor variables at T0 on T1-4 trajectories of either knowledge or depression, or self-esteem were tested, above and beyond the stability of the respective dependent variable since T0. These analyses revealed effects of parental knowledge on trajectories of depression and self-esteem, but not vice versa. A conceptual model was concluded from a series of analyses including parent-adolescent interaction variables. If parents exerted aversive behaviors such as being harsh or making fun of their children, these disclosed not much information and behaved oppositional which in turn predicted low levels of parental knowledge. Although knowledge had predicted adolescent depression and low self-esteem when entered in the analyses alone, it did not consistently predict these variables if adolescents’ opposition and non-disclosure were taken into account. In conclusion, the normative decline of parental knowledge and interindividual differences are two independent phenomena which might have different causes. This study has contributed to an understanding of how parent-adolescent interactions lead to interindividual differences in knowledge. Low levels of knowledge were not a consistent causal factor for adolescent internalizing symptoms, but clearly indicated parent-adolescent problems.
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