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- Byazrova, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Dissection of Antibody Responses of Gam-COVID-Vac-Vaccinated Subjects Suggests Involvement of Epitopes Outside RBD in SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 24:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Millions of people have been vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac but fine specificities of induced antibodies have not been fully studied. Plasma from 12 naïve and 10 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent subjects was obtained before and after two immunizations with Gam-COVID-Vac. Antibody reactivity in the plasma samples (n = 44) was studied on a panel of micro-arrayed recombinant folded and unfolded severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins and 46 peptides spanning the spike protein (S) and by immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ability of Gam-COVID-Vac-induced antibodies to inhibit binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to its receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was investigated in a molecular interaction assay (MIA). The virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies was studied by the pseudo-typed virus neutralization test (pVNT) for Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron. We found that Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination induced significant increases of IgG1 but not of other IgG subclasses against folded S, spike protein subunit 1 (S1), spike protein subunit 2 (S2), and RBD in a comparable manner in naïve and convalescent subjects. Virus neutralization was highly correlated with vaccination-induced antibodies specific for folded RBD and a novel peptide (i.e., peptide 12). Peptide 12 was located close to RBD in the N-terminal part of S1 and may potentially be involved in the transition of the pre- to post-fusion conformation of the spike protein. In summary, Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination induced S-specific IgG1 antibodies in naive and convalescent subjects in a comparable manner. Besides the antibodies specific for RBD, the antibodies induced against a peptide close to the N-terminus of RBD were also associated with virus-neutralization.
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- Yang, Yuanting, et al.
(author)
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The characterization of CD8+ T-cell responses in COVID-19
- 2024
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In: EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS. - 2222-1751. ; 13:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review gives an overview of the protective role of CD8(+) T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cross-reactive responses intermediated by CD8(+) T cells in unexposed cohorts are described. Additionally, the relevance of resident CD8(+) T cells in the upper and lower airway during infection and CD8(+) T-cell responses following vaccination are discussed, including recent worrisome breakthrough infections and variants of concerns (VOCs). Lastly, we explain the correlation between CD8(+) T cells and COVID-19 severity. This review aids in a deeper comprehension of the association between CD8(+) T cells and SARS-CoV-2 and broadens a vision for future exploration.
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