1. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Acquisition and transmission of selected CTV isolates by Aphis gossypii
- 2014
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In: JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY. - : KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. - 1226-8615. ; 17:3, s. 493-498
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a severe threat to the citrus industry. Disease symptoms and severity may vary depending on the CTV isolates. These are responsible for the decline of trees grafted on sour orange rootstock, or stem pitting on some citrus commercial cultivars regardless of rootstock. In the Calabria region (Italy), CTV was first reported on cultivars imported from other countries. However, recent observations suggested that natural spread of CTV was occurring and a study was needed to determine the epidemiological status and aphid transmission of CTV in Calabria. The role played by local A. gossypii in the spread of CIV was analyzed in the laboratory using various viral acquisition, inoculation periods with three different CTV isolates. Single aphid vectors acquired CTV after a minimum of 30 min acquisition access period (AAP) and were able to transmit the virus after a 60 min inoculation access period (IAP) to healthy plants. A minimum of four aphid vectors were needed to reach 50% transmission probability. The results suggested that the three tested strains are transmitted by A. gossypii in a semi-persistent mode. The results demonstrated that local A. gossypii population can acquire and transmit efficiently the tested virus isolates with serious implications on the virus spread. (C) 2014 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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2. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Effects of inert dusts applied alone and in combination with sweet orange essential oil against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and wheat microbial population
- 2014
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In: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 61, s. 361-369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of kaolin and diatomaceous earth applied alone and in combinations with sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] peel essential oil against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and wheat microbial populations were evaluated. Adult beetles reared on durum wheat (cv Simeto) were used to carry out the tests. Five formulations at five application rates were tested. Both insect mortality and progeny production were affected by the treatment, the application rate and the exposure time. C. sinensis essential oil showed a synergistic effect on the mortality of R. dominica, if combined with kaolin, and antagonistic effect when admixed with diatomaceous earth. Yeasts and moulds as well as total mesophilic aerobic bacteria growths were reduced by C sinensis essential oil applied alone more than the other dusts and dust-essential oil-based treatments. Kaolin admixed with C. sinensis peel essential oil might be a viable alternative to the chemical pesticides commonly used in wheat pest management. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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3. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for the Control of the California Red Scale in Southern Italy
- 2015
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In: Acta Horticulturae. - : INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE. - 0567-7572. ; 1065, s. 1149-1156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), is considered one of the most important pests of citrus in the Mediterranean basin as well as in other citrus growing areas worldwide. In Southern Italy, citrus is the most widely cultivated crop and the control of the CRS relies mainly on the application of synthetic insecticides. During 2009 and 2010, selected insecticides (spirotetramat, chlorpyriphos and pyriproxyfen) were evaluated against this pest in two calabrian citrus orchards (southern Italy) under integrated pest management. Treatments were performed according to the dosage reported on the label of the commercial products. Two treatments, at 15-day interval, were performed. Control plots were sprayed with water only. Efficacy was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first treatment and at the harvest. In both trials, spirotetramat showed the highest levels of efficacy against CRS and other citrus pests (citrus leafminer, and aphids) that were adequately controlled until the harvest.
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4. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Field efficacy of two organic acids against Varroa destructor
- 2017
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In: Entomologia generalis. - : E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG. - 0171-8177. ; 36:3, s. 251-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The parasitization of honeybees by Varroa destructor represents a serious limiting factor for beekeeping. The past and current widespread use of synthetic acaricides, such as fluvalinate and coumaphos, results in the onset of pest resistance, therefore research efforts focused on the use of alternative solutions to control the population of this parasitic mite. In the present study, the efficacy of two formulates containing Oxalic Acid (OA) or Formic Acid (FA) was evaluated in real field conditions. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of the OA formulate in controlling more than 90% of V. destructor phoretic population. On the other hand, FA shown an efficacy of 60% on phoretic mites. A similar pattern was highlighted on brood and adult bees’ infestation. The OA formulate showed a proper efficacy, highlighting its potential as alternative to chemical substances in holding the increase of V. destructor during a late summer treatment.
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5. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Fumigant bioactivity of five Citrus essential oils against Tribolium confusum
- 2014
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In: Phytoparasitica. - : SPRINGER. - 0334-2123 .- 1876-7184. ; 42:2, s. 223-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the past decades, the huge use of pesticides caused several environmental problems, so research investigations moved to find a series of compounds with selective toxicity, of a biodegradable and environment-friendly nature, maintaining a positive action in crop and stored products protection. In this perspective, interesting results in the control of pests and fungal pathogens were obtained using essential oils, which are compounds produced by many species of plants as secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fumigant activity of five Citrus essential oils against the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Du Val, planning a possible employment in the mill industry. The fumigant effectiveness was evaluated 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the start of exposure and each essential oil was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Further evaluations about the toxicity of these compounds were made by partially filling the glass vials with food matrix, in order to assess the possible interference of this matter on the active compounds. The data obtained indicated that, at a low level of fumigant concentration, essential oils can effectively control stored product pests; in the presence of debris, like flour, the efficacy decreased. Plant extracts caused also increased mortality levels after the end of fumigation. The results obtained from this experimentation confirm the efficacy of essential oils in pest control and, in particular, against stored product pests.
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6. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Interaction between ants and the Mediterranean fruit fly: New insights for biological control
- 2015
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In: Biological control (Print). - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 1049-9644 .- 1090-2112. ; 90, s. 120-127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During recent years, the positive role of ants as biological control agents in agro-ecosystems has gained growing interest. We investigated the predatory relationship between Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and the ant Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander), commonly widespread in the Mediterranean area. Additionally we investigated some bio-ethological aspects of C. capitata larvae that could be relevant timing factors for predation. Field observations highlighted that C. capitata larvae were preyed on by ants, and laboratory assays suggested that movement of medfly larvae, as well as olfactory cues, affected prey location by T. nigerrimum. Further observations on the circadian activity of C. capitata suggest that mature larvae leave the fruit to pupate in the soil mainly in the early morning, and they can bury faster in moistened soil. These ecological aspects are discussed in the context of sustainable agriculture. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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7. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Larvicidal Effects of Four Citrus Peel Essential Oils Against the Arbovirus Vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae)
- 2016
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In: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 109:1, s. 360-365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of four citrus essential oils (EOs; sweet orange, mandarin, bergamot, and lemon) against the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, we found that in sweet orange, mandarin, and lemon EOs, limonene was the most abundant compound, whereas linalyl acetate was the most abundant in the bergamot EO. All tested EOs showed a marked larvicidal activity, in particular sweet orange, lemon, and bergamot that killed all treated larvae. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values of the tested citrus EOs ranged from 145.27 (lemon EO) to 318.07mg liter(-1) (mandarin EO), while LC95 ranged from 295.13 to 832.44mg liter(-1). After 48 h of exposure, the estimated LC50 values decreased to values ranging from 117.29 to 209.38mg liter(-1), while LC95 ranged from 231.85 to 537.36 mg liter(-1). The results obtained from these evaluations, together with the large availability at reasonable costs of citrus EOs, are promising for the potential development of a new botanical mosquitocide.
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8. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Population dynamics and spread of Unaspis yanonensis in Calabria, Italy
- 2013
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In: Phytoparasitica. - : SPRINGER. - 0334-2123 .- 1876-7184. ; 41:2, s. 151-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The occurrence of Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Calabria (southern Italy) poses a serious threat to citrus cultivation. A regional survey was performed to record information about its distribution in local citrus orchards. Field population dynamics were also studied. The arrowhead scale, U. yanonensis, was recorded in the two main citrus cultivation areas of Calabria. In the investigated environments U. yanonensis completed two generations per year; a typical bi-modal oviposition was recorded. The arrowhead scale overwintered as second-instar males and pre-ovipositing females.
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9. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(author)
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Response of four stored products insects to a structural heat treatment in a flour mill
- 2013
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In: Journal of Stored Products Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0022-474X .- 1879-1212. ; 54, s. 54-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heat treatment is an ecologically sustainable technique that can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The objective of this trial was the evaluation of efficacy of a commercial structural heat treatment, performed by means of electric heaters in a flour mill. Maximum temperatures, time above 50 degrees C and to reach 50 degrees C were different for each floor of the treated mill. Susceptibility to elevated temperature of different life stages of Tribolium confusum, Gnatocerus cornutus, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica are reported. The mortality at 12, 24 and 36 h after the beginning of the heat exposure was evaluated. Eggs of T. confusum were the most sensitive stage to heat treatment. For total effectiveness of the treatment, a time between 24 and 36 h was necessary. The use of electric heaters could represent a viable alternative to other methods used for pest control in the milling sector. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10. |
- Laudani, Francesca, et al.
(author)
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RNAi-mediated gene silencing in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- 2017
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In: Open Life Sciences. - : De Gruyter Open. - 2391-5412. ; 12:1, s. 214-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful strategy for gene function analysis, and it is also widely studied in view of a promising use in pest control. The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most devastating pests of palm in the world. Conventional pest management practices are not adequate to control this insect, thus the development of efficient approaches with minimal environmental impact are needed. In this work, the potential of RNAi in R. ferrugineus has been investigated through the silencing of three different genes (alpha-amylase, V-ATPase, Ecdysone receptor). For each gene we tested two different doses (1,500 and 5,500 ng) and two delivery techniques (injection and ingestion), evaluating both gene knockdown and mortality on insects. Results show that RNAi mediated gene silencing in R. ferrugineus varies from gene to gene, and that the response is dose-dependent, with stronger effects when dsRNA was administered by injection. In parallel, the same study was carried out with the model organism Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with results showing a different pattern of response, although the two insects belong to the same order.
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