| 1. |
- Batistová, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Constructing the Czech nation : A discursive-theoretical analysis of the articulationof the nation in the cultural magazines produced byCzech WWII London exiles
- 2018
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In: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-2159 .- 1569-9862. ; 17:6, s. 713-743
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article’s objective is to analyse the discursive construction of the Czechnation in three cultural magazines, produced by Czech exiles in London duringWWII. The theoretical backbone for this analysis is provided by Laclau andMouffe’s (1985) discourse theory, which in turn supports a discourse-theoreticalre-reading of the literature on the nation, first in general and then in relationto the Czech nation. These three theoretical components support an analysis of650 selected contributions in 36 issues of the three main cultural journals of theCzech London exile: Obzor [Horizon], Kulturní zápisník [Cultural Notebook]and Review. This discourse-theoretical analysis shows the presence, particularityand contingency of a series of internal nodal points (temporal, spatial, linguistic,cultural and popular), in combination with the external nodal point of diversityin relation to outgroups. In the conclusion, the political nature of this construction,which we label the politics of poetry, is emphasized.
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| 2. |
- Bogaerts, Jo, et al.
(author)
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The postmodern challenge to journalism : Strategies for constructing a trustworthy identity
- 2019
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In: Communication and Discourse Theory. - Bristol : Intellect Ltd.. - 9781789380545 ; , s. 141-156
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Journalism scholars have noted a steady rise of skepticism among the public in the latter half of the past century. "The passing of the 'High Modernism'" of journalism as Daniel Hallin (1992: 14) famously put it, shows in a loss of faith in journalists (Kovach & Rosenstiel: 41) and a seeming dissolution of journalists' covenant with the public (Cappella and Jamieson, 1997). But the era of 'postmodernism' (McQuail, 1994) or 'liquid modernity' (Bauman, 2000) in journalism also fundamentally impacted upon journalists' self-perception - or the trust they have in their profession and their own practices. The "absence of a sense of doubt or contradiction," (Hallin: idem) on the part of journalists has in the past decades been challenged in the face of such developments as commercialization, cross-media mergers and the rise of new media that deprive the journalist of his/her privileged position as "society's truth-teller" (McNair 1998: 71). Since the above mentioned developments have contributed to the erosion of the status (and thus legitimation) of journalists (Hallin, 2006) and have evoked the claim of 'the end of journalism' in a traditional sense, we may expect journalists to invest more effort in generating trust in their profession both for the audience and themselves. In order to analyze these strategies we will take a discourse-theoretical perspective on journalism that regards the latter as a discourse centered on a number of privileged signifiers that are connected up in a hegemonic discursive formation. This theoretical model -mainly opened up by Foucault, Laclau and Mouffe and ?i?ek - allows us to analyze how this journalistic hegemonic discursive formation deals with so-called dislocations, i.e. events that destabilize and de-legitimize the dominant discourse by introducing elements that cannot be domesticated within its framework. More in particular we will be looking at how a number of the core journalistic values are being discredited in the era of 'liquid modernity'. Examples are the broad changes in the possibilities for circulating news (that challenge journalist's autonomy), in the attitude towards the representation of reality (that contest journalist's modernist bias towards truth (Zelizer 2004:112)) and the introduction of commercial imperatives in news production (that delegitimize journalist's claims on bringing service to the public). The actions journalists engage in as a means to deal with these changes and reaffirm their own status and professionalism in the face of challenge have been researched in a number of ways. These have, for instance, been investigated from a macro-perspective as actions of 'paradigmatic repair' (Reese 1990) that are directed at reaffirming the ideological model(s) of journalism (see Carpentier 2008 en 2009). Tightly interlinked with this are studies that address the meso-level of the newspaper institution (see Reese 1990; Tuchman 1972). This article proposes to look at the normalizing strategies that are at work at the level of the journalistic identity. In order to analyze these strategies we will turn to a specific field, namely that of online news, as this is one of the sites where the threats sketched out above have forcefully come to the surface. It is exactly at such moments of threat that the truth-claims and strategies of generating trust are most clearly at work. By investigating online journalism, we wish to shed light on three discursive strategies employed in reaction to these threats: A first strategy is the marginalization of rivaling media (through the logics of the constitutive outside) which disarticulates online journalists from the discourse of 'good' and 'professional' journalism. Secondly, mainstream journalism has tried to maintain its professional identity by normalizing the mainstream online environment which entails limiting the possibilities offered by the online environment and incorporating alternative voices in the mainstream model. Thirdly, we witness a rearticulation of the nodal points embedded in the mainstream discourse. We may here think of a tendency towards foregrounding the journalist as individual and thus of reinforcing his claims on trustworthiness. Of importance here is also the increasingly interpretative role taken on by the journalist (Hallin 1992: 19) and the growing importance of the public image of journalists in blogs and other writings of an autobiographical nature. We will contend that these all link up with a reinforcement of journalistic myths that (re)surface in the face of 'the end of journalism'.
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| 4. |
- Carpentier, Nico, 1969-
(author)
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About Dislocations and Invitations : Deepening the Conceptualization of the Discursive-Material Knot
- 2019
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In: Discourse, Culture and Organization. - New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319941226 - 9783319941233 ; , s. 407-
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chapter engages in a discussion about the knotted relations between the discursive and the material, starting from the discourse-theoretical position developed by Laclau and Mouffe, which emphasizes the importance of the discursive as producing necessary but contingent frameworks of intelligentibility. Even if Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory acknowledges the importance of the material, this chapter also argues for a clearer development of the material’s capacity to intervene in the discursive. Two concepts are proposed to think this through further, namely, the dislocation and the invitation, where the former captures a more disruptive mechanism and the latter a more constructive mechanism. In the last part of the chapter, the workings of both concepts are illustrated in a case study on a Cypriot community media organization, called the Cyprus Community Media Centre (CCMC). This case study shows how the counter-hegemonic project of the CCMC, with its materials, manages to disrupt the antagonistic-nationalist discourses that circulate on this island and is simultaneously disrupted because the discursive and material components of the CCMC assemblage do not let themselves be harnessed and encapsulated that easily either.
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| 5. |
- Carpentier, Nico, 1969-
(author)
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Além da escada da participação : Ferramentas analíticas para a análise crítica dos processos midiáticos participativos
- 2018
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In: Mídia e Cotidiano, Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mídia e Cotidiano. - : Pro Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pos Graduacao e Inovacao - UFF. - 2178-602X. ; 12:3, s. 245-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participatory research is facing three challenges—how to deal with the theoretisation and conceptualisation of participation; how to support the research with analytical models; and how the evaluate the research outcomes. This article aims to address these three problems by distinguishing two main approaches (a sociological and a political) in participatory theory and developing a four-level and 12-step analytical model that functions within the political approach. In this analytical model, a series of key concepts are used: process, field, actor, decision-making moment and power. The normative-evaluative problem is addressed by reverting to the critical perspective to evaluate the societal desirability of particular participatory intensities. This critical perspective—potentially—adds a 13th and final normative layer to the analytical model.
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| 9. |
- Carpentier, Nico, 1969-
(author)
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Communicating Academic Knowledge Beyond the Written Academic Text : An Autoethnographic Analysis of the Mirror Palace of Democracy Installation Experiment
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Communication. - : USC ANNENBERG PRESS. - 1932-8036. ; 14, s. 2120-2143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article first discusses five approaches that aim to transcend, complement, or overturn the hegemony of the written academic text. These five approaches are (1) the cluster of science communication, science popularization, and knowledge dissemination; (2) the cluster of knowledge exchange, and participatory, transformative, and interventionist (action) research; (3) multimodal academic communication; (4) the cluster of visual anthropology and visual sociology; and (5) arts-based research. As each approach deals with (overcoming) the hegemony of the written academic text differently, the first part of the article details these approaches. In the second part, the Mirror Palace of Democracy installation experiment, which had the explicit objective of moving beyond the written academic text while still remaining in the realm of academic knowledge communication, is autoethnographically analyzed. The experiment allowed reflection on the integrated and iterative nature of academic communication, on the hybrid academic-artistic identity, and on the diversification of publics. Both the theoretical discussion on the five approaches and the Mirror Palace of Democracy installation are part of a call for more experimentation with, and theorization of, multimodal and/or arts-based academic communication.
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