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| 2. |
- Olivares, Daniela, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Influence of playing in women diagnosed with depression attending a health center in southern Chile. Rediscovering their lives through the Kawa Model
- 2014
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In: 16th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 18-21 Juni, Yokohama, Japan.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: In Chile the diagnosis of depression has been increasing in recent years, just as in other Western countries. According to the National Health Survey (2009-2010), in Chile, the prevalence for the disease is 33.12% in women and 9.65% men.One of the difficulties for effective approach from occupational therapy is the inclusion of cultural perspectives in understanding how persons are living with the disease and the lack of culturally proper therapeutic strategies.Objectives: To analyze the influence of play in women between 26 and 54 years of age diagnosed with depression, using the Kawa Model as a tool to interpret their narratives.Method: phenomenological, qualitative and interpretative, using a non-probability sample type or intentional, three women from a rural area of southern Chile, diagnosed with depression. We performed a set of eight workshop sessions of one hour. Kawa Model is applied as a tool for evaluation and follow-up for each session. Sessions are recorded in audio for later interpretation. Grounded Theory is used for analysis. Results: The three women express freedom of expression achieved both through the playing and the narrative using the Kawa Model, highlighting this type of intervention on those received by them in the Health Center. Conclusions: the game experience at building experiential and narrative using the Kawa Model, both individually and collectively, allowed the development of metacognitive processes, rebuilding their life stories and changing occupational patterns that improved the quality of life.Contributions: Enriching the occupational therapy intervention in adults with mental health problems, from occupations that are not commonly used as the playing, using the Kawa Model as a tool to promote metacognitive processes that allow the person resignifying own narrative from an interpretive position.
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| 3. |
- Olivares, Daniela, 1971, et al.
(author)
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The Kawa model under the sight of the Actor Network Theory: an interpretative proposal for occupational therapy in the paradigm of complexity.
- 2014
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In: 16th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 18-21 Juni 2014, Yokohama, Japan.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Occupational Therapy has had an explosive theoretical development in recent years, with a number of models emerging as professional intervention proposals. Many of them deliver concepts to interpret the occupational behavior of customers, omitting the epistemological point that is at the base, taking-for-granted the understanding of it.Objective: To analyze and discuss the Kawa Model from the Actor Network Theory (ANT) to uncover the epistemological assumptions that are at the base.Description: An emerging research field in recent years are the social studies of science. One is the Actor Network Theory (ANT), allowing demolishes the dichotomies constructed by science. It is proposed a deconstruction of historical understanding of science, positioning it as a social product of heterogeneous relations arising from the interactions of various elements.The Kawa Model is an alternative to intervention models emerged in Western contexts, putting into perspective the understanding of various concepts that have historically been used occupational therapy, giving as true its epistemological basis.Meta-analysis of the Kawa model is performed applying ANT to explain the science and knowledge arising from it, revealing the basic epistemological assumptions.Discussion: From analysis, the Kawa Model appears that stress epistemological dichotomies characteristic of positivist science, being allocated closer to the Paradigm of Complexity.Conclusion: Kawa model stresses the historical basic theoretical assumptions with which the OT has been built in the West countries, so it allows a reinterpretation of their own disciplinary practices and is a contribution to development in emerging contexts of intervention.Contribution: Understanding the epistemological basis from different intervention models allow adapt them to the diversity of clients. Analyze the Kawa Model in particular gives in-depth understanding of a model that is consistent with the Paradigm of Complexity.
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| 4. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Chilenska arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av kultur - ur ett personligt och professionellt perspektiv
- 2015
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In: Arbetsterapiforum. 15-16 april 2015. Göteborg, Sverige..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: Intresset för kultur har ökat inom det arbetsterapeutiska fältet i sista år. Det finns en brist på kunskap om hur kulturen erfars av arbetsterapeuter utanför de dominerande regionerna i professionell utveckling. Syfte: Att öka förståelsen för hur Chilenska arbetsterapeuter erfar kultur både ur ett personligt och professionellt perspektiv, och hur kultur tar sig i uttryckt i deras arbete Metod: En kvalitativ metod används, och data analyseras med Content Analysis. Prel. Resultat: Kultur erfar som en kontinuerlig och pågående förhandling mellan arbetsterapeuternas personliga och professionella kulturer, och deras klienter och dess omgivande kontextuella kultur. Erfarenheter av kulturen är komplexa, kaotiska, och mycket kontextberoende. Slutsats: Kulturellt relevanta metoder krävs i arbetsterapi. Kulturella barriärer visas även om avståndet mellan utövare och klienter den uppfattas som inte bred. Studien öppnar för möjligheten att vidare undersöka hur olika aktörer med anknytning till arbetsterapeutiska interventioner upplever kultur i olika sammanhang av metoder i Chile.
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| 5. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Development of a Cultural Awareness Scale for Occupational Therapy Students in Latin America: A Qualitative Delphi study
- 2016
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In: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 23:2, s. 196-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cultural awareness is a key issue in health care worldwide. Valid and reliable assessments are needed to assess cultural awareness for occupational therapy students. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess cultural awareness for Latin American occupational therapy students. A Delphi design was implemented considering four rounds with experts from four countries. A 30-item scale in Spanish was developed to assess three categories of items: personal, therapeutic strategies and persons’ cultures. The experts highlighted local features for professional practice as a key aspect of the scale. Local differences in practice were considered with the profession’s traditions and prevailing knowledge across the scale. A participatory strategy and an international group of experts enriched the cultural relevance. A subsequent study of statistical reliability is required (the scale is not presented in an extended version here). Further research should consider the application of the scale and strategies to improve cultural awareness across the curricula.
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| 6. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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EL CONCEPTO DE CULTURA EN LA TEORIA Y PRÁCTICA DE LA TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL: UNA REVISION DE LA LITERATURA
- 2013
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In: I Congreso Chileno y VIII Jornadas Nacionales de Terapia Ocupacional.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Un término de uso común, como “cultura” ha sido explicado en distintos modos y niveles en la literatura de Terapia Ocupacional, en los últimos 50 años, mostrando en el último período una tendencia creciente a explicar y resaltar cómo la ocupación se expresa dentro de contextos socio históricos particulares, que determinan el diario vivir de personas y colectivos, así como las prácticas disciplinares. Algunos autores han mostrado la necesidad de incorporar en la mirada de la disciplina a las comunidades, como sujetos colectivos, considerando la diversidad, raza, opción sexual u otras manifestaciones usualmente asociadas a cultura. Mantener prácticas mono culturales parece generar iniciativas iatrogénicas en el quehacer profesional. Objetivos: Identificar y reconocer cómo el concepto de cultura (y sus constructos relacionados) han sido desarrollados en la literatura científica en Terapia Ocupacional. Metodología/Estrategias: Revisión de Literatura Integrativa, considerando las publicaciones científicas entre 2006 y 2011 en revistas indexadas. El análisis considera la presentación y categorización de los distintos conceptos y constructos asociados a cultura (diversidad, raza, comunidades, etc.), y cómo estos han impactado y se han usado para modificar la teoría y práctica de la profesión. Resultados: Investigación en desarrollo. El resultado esperado es poder mostrar las diferentes percepciones acerca de cultura en la disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional y promover la implementación de teorías y prácticas culturalmente centradas y relevantes. Discusión: La revisión de literatura considera, principalmente, textos producidos en inglés, y por tanto, disponibles en motores de búsqueda bibliográfico. Se debe analizar cómo se evidencian investigaciones en otros idiomas Relevancia para la TO. La necesidad de contar con miradas culturalmente centradas y relevantes, se hace crítico a nivel mundial, movilizado desde actividades gremiales y científicas. Revisar y conceptualizar cultura, desde una mirada amplia, y a la vez disciplinar, es un primer paso en este sentido.
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| 7. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Feeling like a stranger: negotiations with culture as experienced by Chilean occupational therapists
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 23:6, s. 425-436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Although occupational therapy has begun to focus on the subject of culture, few studies have examined how occupational therapists outside the English-speaking countries reflect on it. Aim To explore how Chilean occupational therapists reflect on their personal and professional experiences in regard to the complexity of culture, and its different understandings and expressions. Methods This qualitative study uses content analysis to establish common trends in participants’ experiences. A validation phase and data triangulation were implemented to ensure trustworthiness. Results Culture is experienced as a continuous negotiation in personal and professional terms. One central theme, ‘negotiating through the dynamism of culture’, and three categories, ‘dealing with power’, ‘understanding local and global identities’, and ‘crossing the boundaries into the client’s land’, emerged. These experiences are complex, chaotic, and highly context-dependent. Discussion During therapeutic encounters, practitioners and clients may experience cultural barriers even if their differences are not obvious in cultural terms. As a result of this finding, we recommend the inclusion of culture and cultural issues in professional training. The impact of a multicultural research team is discussed. Future research should explore how the construct of culture is introduced in occupational therapy professional training in Chile.
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| 8. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Kultur i arbetsterapeutisk teori och praktik: En litteraturstudie
- 2013
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In: At-FORUM 2013, 24-25 April 2013, Stockholm, Sverige.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: I den arbetsterapeutiska litteraturen beskrivs sedan länge begreppet kultur på olika sätt och i olika dimensioner På senare tiden har en fokus legat på att förklara hur aktiviteter och individer ingår som en del i ett socialt sammanhang. Några författare har påvisat ett behov att begreppsliggöra arbetsterapi som en äkta klientcentrerad disciplin där samhället (med mångfalden som en kärnfråga bland kulturer) betraktas som en egen aktör med egna behov och möjligheter till förändring. I en sådan omvärdering är det angeläget att utveckla teoretiska ansatser som betonar kulturell mångfald. Syfte: Att identifiera och förstå innebörden i begreppet kultur (och tillhörande konstruktioner) så som arbetsterapeuter använder eller uttrycker det i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Tillvägagångssätt och analys: Studien är en integrativ litteraturstudie med utgång i vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2006 och 2011 i indexerade tidskrifter. Analysen består av en övergripande kartläggning och kategorisering av de olika slag eller konstruktioner som är kopplade till begreppet kultur (mångfald, kompetens, organisatoriska, etnicitet osv.) samt hur dessa används för att förbättra praxis och teoriutveckling. Resultat/förväntat resultat: Studien är pågående. Den förväntade betydelsen av studien är att kunna påvisa olika uppfattningar om kultur inom disciplinen arbetsterapi och att främja implementering av kulturfokuserad teori och praktik som riktas direkt mot meningen och betydelsen av aktiviteter i samhället.
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| 9. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 401-414
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Occupational therapy has culture as a relevant phenomenon of interest. Culture appears increasingly often in occupational therapy research, from diverse approaches and foci. As culture is difficult to define, and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Aim: To identify and describe how culture as a broad phenomenon is expressed in OT research published between 2006 and 2011, regarding knowledge development in the discipline and its impact on practice. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, using an integrative literature review. Thirty-nine studies in English were included. Results: From the analysis, two dimensions concerning expressions of culture emerged: “culture is alive” and “occupational therapy as a culture”. Aside from these dimensions, a group of forces that have an impact on these dimensions is described. Conclusions: In its understanding of expressions of culture, occupational therapy stands at a crossroads between traditional and critical approaches. A lack of critical insight into professional knowledge increases the risk that occupational therapy will remain satisfied with the current understanding of culture, based on the dominant knowledge. The discipline could fail to address the political, ethical, and theoretical issues required to reach the targeted diversity in its practice.
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| 10. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review
- 2014
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In: 16th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 18-21 Juni 2014, Yokohama, Japan.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Culture and cultural issues appear increasingly often in research in the field of occupational therapy, reflecting both a growing interest in cultural diversity and a critical reflection on the culture of the discipline and its practices. As the term is difficult to define and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Objectives: To identify and describe how “culture” has been used in occupational therapy research (2006-2011). Methods: A qualitative study has been carried out using an integrative literature review. 39 studies were included. Results: Two main categories emerged in the analysis. First one, expresses the multidimensional quality of culture, from the visible to invisible aspects; the importance of the cultural aspects to determine identity and membership to social groups; as well as temporal aspects. Second category, presents Occupational Therapy’s culture, from its theories to practice, as well as diverse paradoxes and gaps across the discipline. Conclusion: The meaning of what culture is for the profession has been contested, and there is a lack of agreement on their usage among researchers, given the strong western influences over its theoretical development. By approaching this issue critically, it is possible to gain a better perspective on culture as a complex phenomenon inside the discipline. Lack of critical insight increases the risk that occupational therapy remains satisfied with the current understanding of culture, correlated with the dominant western discourse, and fails to address urgent political, ethical and theoretical issues. Contribution to Occupational Therapy: Culture is a very complex phenomenon in occupational therapy. The study offers a critical approach over it, as a core concept for the discipline, considering the close relationship with occupation. If unequal power distribution in knowledge development worldwide is not addressed, political, ethical and theoretical issues will have a pervasive effect on the discipline.
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