| 1. |
- Bilal, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the potential of ligninolytic armory for lignin valorization : A way forward for sustainable and cleaner production
- 2021
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 326
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignin is a key structural constituent of lignocellulosic biomasses that have substantial untapped potential to substitute environmentally unfriendly and non-renewable fossil-based resources. Unfortunately, multifaceted composition, heterogeneity, and structural recalcitrance of the lignin are the biggest technical challenges for its effective deconstruction and bioconversions to an array of bio-based products, e.g., specialty chemicals and biomaterials. Physicochemical methods for lignin depolymerization require strict reaction conditions, high en-ergy to execute processes, and environmental apprehensions. In contrast, biological platforms harnessing the catalytic potentiality of microorganisms and their robust enzymatic armory are thought to be efficient means for lignin decomposition. Enzymes, derived from natural origin, are highly proficient and eco-friendly biocatalysts that manifest high selectivity, require milder reaction conditions, and reduce resource requirements. The utili-zation of enzymes for lignin conversion and pre-treatment of biomass for detergent, textile, pulp and papers, and food sector applications has been investigated for decades. Herein, we reviewed lignin bioconversion by bio-logical means, focusing on ligninolytic enzyme-assisted pretreatment approaches. In the first half, we outlined the lignin as a multipurpose raw feedstock, fixation of CO2 to lignin biosynthesis and tailored lignin approach, and sources and types of lignin. The bio-based pre-treatment approaches for lignin depolymerization, including white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, bacteria, and ligninolytic enzymes, i.e., manganese peroxidase (MnP) lignin peroxidase (LiP), Laccase (Lac), versatile peroxidase (VP), and dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyP) are thor-oughly vetted in the second half.
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| 2. |
- Deng, Kaiqiang, et al.
(author)
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The offshore wind speed changes in China: an insight into CMIP6 model simulation and future projections
- 2024
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In: CLIMATE DYNAMICS. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Offshore wind speed in China plays a key role in affecting air-sea interactions, coastal tides, and wind energy, but its changes in a warming climate and the associated causes remain unclear. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, this study evaluates the past and future variations of wind speed at 10 m (WS10) over China's offshore seas in summer and winter. The results show that the CMIP6 multi-model mean performs well in simulating the climatological patterns (1981-2010) of WS10 for both seasons. The trends and leading variabilities in WS10 are also reasonably reproduced in the South China Sea (SCS). In the northern SCS, WS10 has strengthened during both seasons in the recent decades. In contrast, in the East China Sea (ECS), WS10 has increased (decreased) during summer (winter). Further attribution analysis suggests that the forcing of greenhouse gasses (aerosols) may make WS10 stronger (weaker) in the two seas and for both seasons, while natural variability tends to slow down (speed up) WS10 in the SCS and ECS during summer (winter). In addition, according to the CMIP6 model projections under various warming scenarios, WS10 is likely to increase over both the northern SCS and the ECS in summer, while WS10 will increase over the northern SCS but decrease over the ECS in winter. Differences in the projected WS10 changes in the ECS during summer and winter are attributed to the projected intensification (weakening) of the East Asian summer (winter) monsoon circulation.
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