| 1. |
- Cheung, Maria, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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The Impact of a Food For Education Program on Schooling in Cambodia
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Food for Education (FFE) programs, which consist of meals served in school and in some cases take-home rations and deworming programs conditional on school attendance, are considered a powerful tool to improve educational outcomes, particularly in areas where school participation is initially low. Compared to other programs, such as conditional cash transfers and scholarships, school meals may provide a stronger incentive to attend school because children must be in school in order to receive the rations, and have the potential to improve nutritional and general health status as well. In this paper, we find that the Cambodia FFE, that was implemented in six Cambodian regions between 1999 and 2003, increased enrollment, school attendance and completed education. We also ask who benefited the most, and how cost-effective such a program is compared to other types of interventions.
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| 2. |
- Cheung, Maria, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
The Impact of a Food For Education Program on Schooling in Cambodia
- 2010
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Food for education (FFE) programs, which consist of meals served in school and in some cases take-home rations and deworming programs conditional on school attendance, are considered a powerful tool to improve educational outcomes, particularly in areas where school participation is initially low. Compared to other programs, such as conditional cash transfers and scholarships, school meals may provide a stronger incentive to attend school because children must be in school in order to receive the rations, and have the potential to improve nutritional and general health status as well. In this paper, we nd that the Cambodia FFE, that was implemented in six Cambodian regions between 1999 and 2003, increased enrollment, school attendance and completed education. We also ask who bene ted the most, and how cost-eective such a program is compared to other types of interventions.
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| 3. |
- Cheung, Maria, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
The Impact of a Food for Education Program on Schooling in Cambodia
- 2015
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In: Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies. - : Wiley. - 2050-2680. ; 2:1, s. 44-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is an evaluation of the impact of a food for education program implemented in primary schools (grades 1- 6) in six Cambodian provinces between 1999 and 2003. We find that school enrolment increased to varying degrees in relation to different designs of the intervention. We also investigate the effect of the program in terms of completed education and probability of having ever been in school, following up the affected cohorts in a 2009 survey. With an estimated cost of US$ 85 per additional child in school per year, the program can be considered very costeffective within a comparable class of interventions.
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| 4. |
- Amombo Noa, Francoise Mystere, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A unified topology approach to dot-, rod-, and sheet-MOFs
- 2021
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In: Chem. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9294 .- 2451-9308. ; 7:9, s. 2491-2512
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metal-organic frameworks made from multi-metal-ion units in the shape of clusters and rods (termed dot-MOFs and rod-MOFs) are well known. Here, we introduce MOFs with multi-metallic units in the form of sheets-sheet-MOFs. We show exemplars of all three types of units based on structures containing Y3+, Ce3+, or Gd3+ linked by benzene1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate to give crystals of a dot-MOF in H2NMe2[Y(b-tec)(H2O)] CTH-14, a sheet-MOF in [Ce-3(btec)(Hbtec)(OAc)(HCO2)] CTH-15, and a rod-MOF in 4,4'-azopyridinium[Gd-2(btec)(2)] CTH-16. Cyclic voltammetry shows that CTH-15 stabilizes Ce(IV). Given the fact that sheet-MOFs represent an intellectual advance in the evolution of MOFs, a unified approach is proposed for the topological classification of dot-, rod-, and sheet-MOFs. It is suggested that the stability ofMOFs follow in the trend dot < rod < sheet. For CTH-14-16, the sheet- and the rod-MOF have higher thermal stability. We suggest sheet-MOFs as an additional strategy for making robust MOFs.
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| 5. |
- Cheung, Maria, 1975-
(author)
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Education, Gender and Media : Empirical Essays in Development Economics
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first essay, Edutainment Radio, Women’s Status and Primary School Participation: Evidence from Cambodia, investigates whether exposure to education-entertainment radio leads to improved women's status and primary school participation. Results show significant behavioral effects related to women's decision-making power and investments in children's primary schooling in exposed areas. Suggestive evidence indicates that gender-related attitudes were affected as well, which is a stepping stone towards changing socially constructed gender norms. The second essay, Who Benefits from Free Education? Long-Term Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Cambodia, investigates the effects of abolishing primary school fees. One additional year of free education had no impact on poor children, but increased the educational attainment for non-poor children. Persistent local educational norms and income segregation may explain why poor students were less likely to progress and complete the higher grades. The third essay, Does Female Education Postpone Fertility? Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Cambodia, investigates the role of female education as a vehicle to postpone early childbearing. Exploiting a policy experiment with differential impact on education, the findings suggest that women who gained more education were associated with fewer births and a postponement of early fertility while no changes in early fertility were observed for unaffected women. The fourth essay, The Impact of a Food for Education Program on Schooling in Cambodia, evaluates three types of FFE interventions gradually implemented in primary schools. Results show that enrollment increased sharply in the short-run but did not lead to higher educational achievements, plausible due to a countervailing class size effect. While these interventions are cost-effective to attract children to school, adjusting school resources accordingly may be important to promote a long-term learning as well.
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