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- Bianchi, Mattia, et al.
(author)
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Organizing for External Technology Commercialization: evidence from a multiple case study in the pharmaceutical industry
- 2011
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In: R&D Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 0033-6807. ; 41:2, s. 120-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- External technology commercialization (ETC) is increasingly being regarded as a strategic priority by companies. ETC is the use of out-licensing to transfer technologies that are disembodied from products to other organizations. Previous research has focused on the economic and strategic dimensions but little attention has so far been paid to how ETC should be organized. This paper explores whether and how firms operating in different contexts adopt dissimilar organizational solutions for their ETC activities. To this aim, a theoretical framework is first developed that comprises the key constitutive elements of ETC organization and a number of firm-level and deal-level factors that are supposed to influence organizational design choices. Based on a multiple case-study analysis involving 16 out-licensing deals executed in seven Italian pharmaceutical firms, the paper shows that the organization of out-licensing tasks and the allocation of decision-making power is shaped by, and adapts to, the relevance of ETC in the corporate strategy, the volume of ETC transactions, the stage of development of the technology being commercialized and the competitive threats due to the deal. The paper is believed to be useful for licensing and R&D managers who can find practical insights into how ETC activities can be organized and which critical contextual factors should be accounted for when designing such organization.
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- Bianchi, Mattia, et al.
(author)
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Selling technological knowledge: Managing the complexities of technology transactions
- 2011
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In: Research-Technology Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0895-6308. ; 54:2, s. 18-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the diffusion of the open-innovation paradigm, more companies are selling their technological knowledge, disembodied from physical artifacts, to other organizations in an attempt to maximize the rent-yield potential of the innovation process. However, extracting revenues from technology sale remains a challenge for most firms due to the peculiarities of technological knowledge as an object of commerce. A study of 30 companies actively involved in technology sale and 75 single transactions illuminates two key aspects of technology transactions: (1) the challenges that the technology sale process entails, and (2) the practices that can be adopted to manage the complexities of technology transactions. CTOs and R&D and technology managers can use these insights to build a firm-level capability in selling technological knowledge.
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- Chiaroni, Davide, et al.
(author)
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Collaborations for Innovation in the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry : An Exploratory Analysis on the Role of Platform Biotech Firms
- 2012
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In: Pharmacoinformatics and Drug Discovery Technologies: Theories and Applications. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781466603103 - 9781466603097
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The advent of biotechnology in the late ’80s revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and, in particular, caused a strong division of labour in the innovation process. As a result, the capability to master technological collaborations with external organizations has become a critical success factor for incumbent pharmaceutical firms as well as product biotech firms. This chapter investigates the phenomenon by using a rich and purposively collected empirical basis about the organisational forms (e.g., partnerships, in- and out-licensing, outsourcing, technology purchasing) through which inter-organizational collaborations are put into practice along the phases of the bio-pharmaceutical innovation process, and about the specific role played in these collaborations by platform biotech firms. Results are interpreted by drawing into two relatively novel streams of research in the innovation management literature, dealing with the Open Innovation paradigm and the role of Technical and Scientific Services (TSS).
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- Chiesa, Vittorio, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the microfoundations of External Technology Commercialization: a dynamic capabilities perspective
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1460-1060. ; 12:4, s. 444-469
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose External technology commercialization (ETC) refers to the firm's transfer of technological assets, disembodied from products, to another organization involving a contractual obligation for compensation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the managerial and organizational antecedents that are capable of explaining superior capabilities in ETC. Design/methodology/approach Starting from an in‐depth analysis of the literature about technology commercialization and adopting the dynamic capabilities strategic perspective, the study develops a theoretical framework that shows how a number of concepts (resources, capabilities and microfoundations) may affect performance in ETC. A case study analysis is conducted with illustrative purposes.Findings The paper shows that adequate management and organization of ETC activities are needed to successfully undertake ETC. Combining evidence from a case study and findings from prior studies, research propositions are developed regarding key process, organizational and human resource mechanisms that lie at the heart of superior capabilities in ETC. Practical implications The paper provides technology and innovation managers with a number of suggestions for organizing and managing ETC that are likely to improve performance.Originality/value Owing to the complexity of ETC related activities and the high transaction costs characterizing the markets for technologies, only few companies are reaping the gains from the commercialization of their technologies while the majority fail to realize their potential. This paper is the first attempt, to the best knowledge of the authors, which adopts the dynamic capabilities perspective to unearth the managerial levers driving superior performance in ETC.
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- Chiesa, Vittorio, et al.
(author)
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Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: an exploratory analysis
- 2011
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In: Technovation. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4972. ; 31:1, s. 22-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the adoption of Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, studying through which organisational modes it is put into practice and how these modes are interwoven with the different phases of drug discovery and development process. Two rounds of interviews with industry experts were carried out to develop a model describing the adoption of Open Innovation by bio-pharmaceutical companies. This framework was then applied to an extensive and longitudinal empirical basis, which includes data about the adoption of Open Innovation by the top 20 worldwide industry players, in the time period 2000–2007. The paper provides a thorough discussion of how bio-pharmaceutical firms have used different organisational modes (i.e. licensing agreements, non-equity alliance, purchase and supply of technical and scientific services) to enter into relationship with different types of partners (i.e. large pharmaceutical companies, product biotech firms, platform biotech firms and universities) with the aim to acquire (Inbound Open Innovation) or commercially exploit (Outbound Open Innovation) technologies and knowledge. The implications of the study for Open Innovation research and possible avenues for future investigation are discussed at length in the paper.
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