| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hoshino, Ayuko, et al.
(author)
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Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Biomarkers Define Multiple Human Cancers
- 2020
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In: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 182:4, s. 1044-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an unmet clinical need for improved tissue and liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection. We investigated the proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in 426 human samples from tissue explants (TEs), plasma, and other bodily fluids. Among traditional exosome markers, CD9, HSPA8, ALIX, and HSP90AB1 represent pan-EVP markers, while ACTB, MSN, and RAP1B are novel pan-EVP markers. To confirm that EVPs are ideal diagnostic tools, we analyzed proteomes of TE- (n =151) and plasma-derived (n =120) EVPs. Comparison of TE EVPs identified proteins (e.g., VCAN, TNC, and THBS2) that distinguish tumors from normal tissues with 90% sensitivity/94% specificity. Machine-learning classification of plasma-derived EVP cargo, including immunoglobulins, revealed 95% sensitivity/90% specificity in detecting cancer Finally, we defined a panel of tumor-type-specific EVP proteins in TEs and plasma, which can classify tumors of unknown primary origin. Thus, EVP proteins can serve as reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and determining cancer type.
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| 4. |
- Han, Sang-wook, et al.
(author)
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A Distributed Power Allocation Scheme for Sum-Rate Maximization on Cognitive GMACs
- 2013
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In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 61:1, s. 248-256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper considers a distributed power allocation scheme for sum-rate-maximization under cognitive Gaussian multiple access channels (GMACs), where primary users and secondary users may communicate under mutual interference with the Gaussian noise. Formulating the problem as a standard nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic problem (QCQP) provides a simple distributed method to find a solution using iterative Jacobian method instead of using centralized schemes. A totally asynchronous distributed power allocation for sum-rate maximization on cognitive GMACs is suggested. Simulation results show that this distributed algorithm for power allocation converges to a fixed point and the solution achieves almost the same performance as the exhaustive search.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Gang, et al.
(author)
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Tumour extracellular vesicles and particles induce liver metabolic dysfunction
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 618:7964, s. 374-382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer alters the function of multiple organs beyond those targeted by metastasis(1,2). Here we show that inflammation, fatty liver and dysregulated metabolism are hallmarks of systemically affected livers in mouse models and in patients with extrahepatic metastasis. We identified tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) as crucial mediators of cancer-induced hepatic reprogramming, which could be reversed by reducing tumour EVP secretion via depletion of Rab27a. All EVP subpopulations, exosomes and principally exomeres, could dysregulate hepatic function. The fatty acid cargo of tumour EVPs-particularly palmitic acid-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by Kupffer cells, generating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, suppressing fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, and promoting fatty liver formation. Notably, Kupffer cell ablation or TNF blockade markedly decreased tumour-induced fatty liver generation. Tumour implantation or pre-treatment with tumour EVPs diminished cytochrome P450 gene expression and attenuated drug metabolism in a TNF-dependent manner. We also observed fatty liver and decreased cytochrome P450 expression at diagnosis in tumour-free livers of patients with pancreatic cancer who later developed extrahepatic metastasis, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Notably, tumour EVP education enhanced side effects of chemotherapy, including bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxicity, suggesting that metabolic reprogramming of the liver by tumour-derived EVPs may limit chemotherapy tolerance in patients with cancer. Our results reveal how tumour-derived EVPs dysregulate hepatic function and their targetable potential, alongside TNF inhibition, for preventing fatty liver formation and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Rickard, et al.
(author)
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Autonomous synchronization of a DMT-VDSL system in unbundled networks
- 2002
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In: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 20:5, s. 1055-1063
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an algorithm that autonomously synchronizes all DMT-Zipper based VDSL modems in an unbundled access network, solving the problem with nonorthogonal NEXT that appears in systems with unsynchronized modems. The algorithm we present runs autonomously in each VDSL-modem in the central office or in the street cabinet. We determine the other modems ' relative frame offsets by exploiting their NEXT signal using the inherent cyclic redundancy found in DMT signals. By estimating the relative frame offsets of the other users, we can adjust a given user's own frame-timing relative to the mean of the others. With our method all modems in the network will be synchronized to within a small fraction of the total DMT frame-length, suppressing the nonorthogonal NEXT to a level far below the background noise-floor. This means that we can achieve the same performance in an unbundled access network without any master clock reference as in a system where all modems are perfectly synchronized using a master clock. Index Terms-Discrete multitone, frame synchronization, subscriber loops.
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| 10. |
- Wilson, Sarah Kate, et al.
(author)
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Probability density functions for analyzing multi-amplitude constellations in Rayleigh and Ricean channels
- 1999
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In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 47:3, s. 380-386
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper derives probability density functions (PDFs) to describe the behavior of data demodulated with imperfect channel estimation. The PDFs apply to cases of flat Rayleigh-fading, multiple-diversity reception Rayleigh-fading, and flat Ricean-fading. These PDFs can be used to determine analytically both the symbol error rate and bit error rate for multi-amplitude constellations with in-phase and quadrature components, thus avoiding the need for extensive computer simulation
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