| 1. |
- Dahlgren, Sven-Olof, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Theory of Mind and Executive Functions in Young Bilingual Children
- 2017
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In: Journal of Genetic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1325 .- 1940-0896. ; 178:5, s. 303-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few studies have explored the relationship between theory of mind (ToM), executive function (EF), and bilingualism at the same time. In this study 14 young bilingual children were compared with monolingual children on a test battery composed of 5 ToM tests, 5 EF tests, and 1 test of general language ability. The result showed that despite significantly lower verbal ability, the bilingual children outperformed the monolingual ones on tests of EF. There were no differences in ToM performance. The authors argue that there is a strong relationship between bilingualism and EF, but, contrary to results from earlier studies, they could not find any relationship between bilingualism and ToM. EF did not predict ToM performance. Lack of a significant relationship could be due to the children's young age and consequently their low scores on the ToM tasks.
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| 2. |
- Agnemyr, Helena, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Gör Vågen! : Samhällsentreprenörskap med värmländska förtecken
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten handlar om samhällsentreprenörskap med värmländska förtecken. Idén om samhällsentreprenörer ges i rapporten sammanhang och perspektiv i en diskussion om tidsandan. Rapporten handlar både om teori och praktik. Den bygger på litteraturstudier och på samtal och dialoger med forskare, regionala aktörer och inte minst värmländska samhällsentreprenörer. Rapportens rubrik har hämtas från ett återberättande av ett möte om vad regeringen tänkte göra för näringslivet. Det förlösande svaret på en avslutande fråga om vad regeringen borde göra blev ”Gör vågen!”. Anekdoten berättades vid en av de två workshopar med värmländska samhällsentreprenörer som genomfördes under arbetet med rapporten. Tankar om samhällsentreprenörskapet syfte och sammanhang eller dess själ och djupare mening kan möjligen sammanfattas i två dikter av Tage Danielsson, nämligen; För den trötta samhällskroppen, vore kanske bästa boten, ifall tankarna från toppen kom från roten Och En droppe i livets älv har ingen kraft att flyta själv. Det ställs ett krav på varenda droppe. Hjälp till att hålla de andra oppe!
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| 3. |
- Amon, Diva J, et al.
(author)
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Insights into the abundance and diversity of abyssal megafauna in a polymetallic-nodule region in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6:30492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing interest in mining polymetallic nodules in the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the Pacific. Nonetheless, benthic communities in this region remain poorly known. The ABYSSLINE Project is conducting benthic biological baseline surveys for the UK Seabed Resources Ltd. exploration contract area (UK-1) in the CCZ. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, we surveyed megafauna at four sites within a 900 km2 stratum in the UK-1 contract area, and at a site ~250 km east of the UK-1 area, allowing us to make the first estimates of abundance and diversity. We distinguished 170 morphotypes within the UK-1 contract area but species-richness estimators suggest this could be as high as 229. Megafaunal abundance averaged 1.48 ind. m−2. Seven of 12 collected metazoan species were new to science, and four belonged to new genera. Approximately half of the morphotypes occurred only on polymetallic nodules. There were weak, but statistically significant, positive correlations between megafaunal and nodule abundance. Eastern-CCZ megafaunal diversity is high relative to two abyssal datasets from other regions, however comparisons with CCZ and DISCOL datasets are problematic given the lack of standardised methods and taxonomy. We postulate that CCZ megafaunal diversity is driven in part by habitat heterogeneity.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
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In: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Elisabeth Almer, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Salivary resistin reflects local inflammation in Sjögrens syndrome
- 2008
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In: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:10, s. 2005-2011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of resistin in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and its relation to local inflammation. METHODS: Blood and saliva were collected from 37 patients with pSS (duration of symptoms 12.6+/-1 yrs) and 32 healthy controls. Expression of resistin in salivary glands was visualized immunohistologically, and levels of resistin were detected by ELISA. Levels of resistin were evaluated at baseline and following oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment (50 mg/day). The effect of DHEA treatment on the secretion of resistin was assessed in vitro in human leukocytes after challenge with insulin and lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS: Levels of resistin in saliva were significantly higher in patients with pSS than in controls, while circulating levels of resistin were similar in both groups. Resistin was expressed in the epithelial cells of striated ducts and in the lymphocytic foci. Resistin levels in saliva were related to the intensity of inflammation in the minor salivary glands of pSS patients. No changes of the levels of resistin in blood or saliva were observed during DHEA treatment. Exposure of naive leukocytes to DHEA in vitro induced significant expression of resistin compared to nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: We showed that levels of resistin are upregulated locally in the salivary glands of patients with pSS; and that the levels of resistin correspond to the intensity of lymphocytic inflammation in patients with pSS. We suggest that resistin is expressed in the salivary glands of patients with pSS and may be a driving factor of local inflammation.
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| 6. |
- Bribiesca-Contreras, G., et al.
(author)
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Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
- 2022
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In: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :1113, s. 1-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a growing interest in the exploitation of deep-sea mineral deposits, particularly on the abyssal seafloor of the central Pacific Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), which is rich in polymetallic nodules. In order to effectively manage potential exploitation activities, a thorough understanding of the biodiversity, community structure, species ranges, connectivity, and ecosystem functions across a range of scales is needed. The benthic megafauna plays an important role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and represents an important component of the biodiversity. While megafaunal surveys using video and still images have provided insight into CCZ biodiversity, the collection of faunal samples is needed to confirm are very rarely carried out. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, 55 specimens of benthic megafauna were-collected from seamounts and abyssal plains in three Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI 1, APEI 4, and APEI 7) at 3100-5100 m depth in the western CCZ. Using both morphological and molecular evidence, 48 different morphotypes belonging to five phyla were found, only nine referrable to known species, and 39 species potentially new to science. This work highlights the need for detailed taxonomic studies incorporating genetic data, not only within the CCZ, but in other bathyal, abyssal, and hadal regions, as representative genetic reference libraries that could facilitate the generation of species inventories.
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| 7. |
- Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, et al.
(author)
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Biogeography and Connectivity Across Habitat Types and Geographical Scales in Pacific Abyssal Scavenging Amphipods
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, there has been a resurgent interest in the exploration of deep-sea mineral deposits, particularly polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), central Pacific. Accurate environmental impact assessment is critical to the effective management of a new industry and depends on a sound understanding of species taxonomy, biogeography, and connectivity across a range of scales. Connectivity is a particularly important parameter in determining ecosystem resilience, as it helps to define the ability of a system to recover post-impact. Scavenging amphipods in the superfamilies Alicelloidea Lowry and De Broyer, 2008 and Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849 contribute to a unique and abundant scavenging community in abyssal ecosystems. They are relatively easy to sample and in recent years have become the target of several molecular and taxonomic studies, but are poorly studied in the CCZ. Here, a molecular approach is used to identify and delimit species, and to investigate evolutionary relationships of scavenging amphipods from both abyssal plain and deep (>3000 m) seamount habitats in three APEIs (Areas of Particular Environmental Interest, i.e., designated conservation areas) in the western CCZ. A total of 17 different morphospecies of scavenging amphipods were identified, which include at least 30 genetic species delimited by a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode gene. The scavenging communities sampled in the western CCZ included the most common species (Abyssorchomene gerulicorbis (Shulenberger and Barnard, 1976), A. chevreuxi (Stebbing, 1906), Paralicella caperesca Shulenberger and Barnard, 1976, and P. tenuipes Chevreux, 1908) reported for other ocean basins. Only four morphospecies, representing five genetic species, were shared between APEIs 1, 4, and 7. The two abyssal plain sites at APEIs 4 and 7 were dominated by two and three of the most common scavenging species, respectively, while the APEI 1 seamount site was dominated by two species potentially new to science that appeared to be endemic to the site. The presence of common species in all sites and high genetic diversity, yet little geographic structuring, indicate connectivity over evolutionary time scales between the areas, which span about 1500 km. Similar to recent studies, the differences in amphipod assemblages found between the seamount and abyssal sites suggest that ecological conditions on seamounts generate distinct community compositions.
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| 8. |
- Dahlgren, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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Strategiska vägval : En utredning om vetenskaplig informationsförsörjning vid Linköpings universitet
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tillgång till information i dess skilda former utgör en grundläggande och nödvändig förutsättning för universitetets verksamhet, för utbildningen och för forskningen. Utvecklingen på IT-området resulterar efterhand i nya vägar för att söka och finna information i växande mängder. Jämsides med detta pågår en förändring på utbildningsområdet, varmed tyngdpunkten förskjuts från undervisning till lärande och i ett livslångt perspektiv. För att förädla det s.k. informationssamhället till Kunskapssamhälle krävs god förmåga att finna, värdera och bearbeta information, vetenskaplig och annan. Vikten därav för vetenskaplig kunskapsutveckling, för problemlösning och kvalificerat beslutsfattande blir alltmer uppenbar. Utifrån utvecklingstendenser som dessa tillsatte rektor vid Linköpings universitet en särskild utredning i mars 2002. Den fick uppgiften att lämna förslag i syfte att öka ”studenternas och de anställdas möjligheter att ta tillvara och i universitetets verksamhet på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt nyttiggöra den moderna informationsteknikens potential för spridning av och sökande efter kunskap.” I sammanhanget riktades särskilt intresse mot universitetsbiblioteket som en pedagogisk resurs inom universitetet. Vidare efterfrågades en analys av formerna för finansiering och strategisk ledning av vetenskaplig informationsförsörjning vid Linköpings universitet.Strategiska vägval innehåller den slutförda utredningens fyra delstudier: Informationsförsörjning och pedagogisk utveckling, Mediemarknadens utmaningar, Elektronisk publicering vid Linköpings universitet samt Organisation och finansiering av biblioteksverksamheten vid Linköpings universitet.
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| 9. |
- Dahlgren, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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Strategiska vägval : Slutbetänkande
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tillgång till information i dess skilda former utgör en grundläggande och nödvändig förutsättning för universitetets verksamhet, för utbildningen och för forskningen. Utvecklingen på IT-området resulterar efterhand i nya vägar för att söka och finna information i växande mängder. Jämsides med detta pågår en förändring på utbildningsområdet, varmed tyngdpunkten förskjuts från undervisning till lärande och i ett livslångt perspektiv. För att förädla det s.k. informationssamhället till Kunskapssamhälle krävs god förmåga att finna, värdera och bearbeta information, vetenskaplig och annan. Vikten därav för vetenskaplig kunskapsutveckling, för problemlösning och kvalificerat beslutsfattande blir alltmer uppenbar.Utifrån utvecklingstendenser som dessa tillsatte rektor vid Linköpings universitet en särskild utredning i mars 2002. Den fick uppgiften att lämna förslag i syfte att öka ”studenternas och de anställdas möjligheter att ta tillvara och i universitetets verksamhet på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt nyttiggöra den moderna informationsteknikens potential för spridning av och sökande efter kunskap.” I sammanhanget riktades särskilt intresse mot universitetsbiblioteket som en pedagogisk resurs inom universitetet. Vidare efterfrågades en analys av formerna för finansiering och strategisk ledning av vetenskaplig informationsförsörjning vid Linköpings universitet.Strategiska vägval innehåller den slutförda utredningens fyra delstudier: Informationsförsörjning och pedagogisk utveckling, Mediemarknadens utmaningar, Elektronisk publicering vid Linköpings universitet samt Organisation och finansiering av biblioteksverksamheten vid Linköpings universitet.
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| 10. |
- Dahlgren, Madelene, et al.
(author)
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T Follicular Helper, but Not Th1, Cell Differentiation in the Absence of Conventional Dendritic Cells
- 2015
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In: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 194:11, s. 5187-5199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Development of long-lived humoral immunity is dependent on CXCR5-expressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which develop concomitantly to effector Th cells that support cellular immunity. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are critical APCs for initial priming of naive CD4(+) T cells but, importantly, also provide accessory signals that govern effector Th cell commitment. To define the accessory role of cDCs during the concurrent development of Tfh and effector Th1 cells, we performed high-dose Ag immunization in conjunction with the Th1-biased adjuvant polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (pI:C). In the absence of cDCs, pI: C failed to induce Th1 cell commitment and IgG2c production. However, cDC depletion did not impair Tfh cell differentiation or germinal center formation, and long-lived IgG1 responses of unaltered affinity developed in mice lacking cDCs at the time point for immunization. Thus, cDCs are required for the pI: C-driven Th1 cell fate commitment but have no crucial accessory function in relation to Tfh cell differentiation.
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