| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 7. |
- Forsberg, Jonas, 1982-
(author)
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On the road to climate neutral Swedish transportation: Energy system modelling to support the transition at national, regional, and local levels
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Transportation is a critical pillar of modern society. Over the past decades, growth in mobility of people and goods have been both enabled by and dependent upon fossil fuels. Strong action is needed to break this dependence in order to reduce CO2. The overall aim of this thesis is to support the transition towards climate neutral transportation in Sweden considering local, regional, and national settings, by use of TIMES-based ESOMs. This is addressed by i) developing and adapting transport sector representation in TIMES models considering context specific conditions and preferences, ii) applying the models to define and explore alternative long-term scenarios that meet the overall goals, iii) and identify key measures and policy implications for achieving climate neutral transportation.In Paper I (Local setting) key considerations and requirements in respect of modelling local energy transition of transportation in a TIMES energy system modelling framework was outlined. The model was then applied to address potential trade-offs between global climate concerns and local air quality issues (Paper II – Local setting). The results showed that decarbonisation with biofuels does little to enhance local air quality, while zero-emission vehicles – that eliminate all local tailpipe emissions – can induce significant upstream CO2 emissions (from energy supply sectors). Comprehensive multi-level strategies are needed to drastically reduce both CO2 and local air pollutants. In Paper III (Regional setting), a participatory modelling approach was applied that involved local practitioners from 15 municipalities. The model results showed that strong national policies can drive down CO2 emissions drastically, and that the impacts from sub-national strategies was very limited under these policies. Still, during the discussions with local practitioners it was emphasized that local action is needed for enabling the measures seen as cost-efficient in the model analysis.The TIMES-Sweden model was adapted and used to explore key decarbonisation options in passenger and freight transportation, in a whole-energy-systems perspective. The model was disaggregated to capture underlying contextual heterogeneity in passenger transportation found across the country (Paper IV – National setting). The results showed that different policy strategies have different implications depending on the context, thus, underpinning a shift from one-size-fits-all policies into more regionally tailored strategies. Next (Paper V – National setting), the same model was used to investigate principally different modes of decarbonising domestic freight transportation. The results showed that road freight electrification reduces total demand for electricity over the entire energy system compared to the biofuel and the e-fuel pathways respectively, while also freeing biomass for other purposes than producing biofuels for road vehicles.Finally, the usefulness of ESOMs to identify policies to accelerate the decarbonization of transportation has been demonstrated, while outlining some challenges. For local level, the necessary data to calibrate the model was often not available, or available but with a system boundary representation incompliant with the model approach (e.g., fuel statistics). At the national level, a new approach was introduced that capture the underlying contextual factors of different actors. While capturing differences between urban, suburban and rural conditions, more research is needed to identify policies that ensure a just transition across socioeconomic groups.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Rogan, Fionn, et al.
(author)
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LEAPs and Bounds-an Energy Demand and Constraint Optimised Model of the Irish Energy System
- 2014
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In: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 7:3, s. 441-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper builds a model of energy demand and supply for Ireland with a focus on evaluating, and providing insights for, energy efficiency policies. The demand-side comprises sectoral sub-models, with a detailed bottom-up approach used for the transport and residential sectors and a top-down approach used for the industry and services sectors. The supply side uses the linear programming optimisation features of the Open Source Energy Modelling System applied to electricity generation to calculate the least-cost solution. This paper presents the first national level model developed within the Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning software to combine detailed end-use analysis on the demand side with a cost-minimising optimisation approach for modelling the electricity generation sector. Through three scenarios over the period 2009-2020, the model examines the aggregate impact on energy demand of a selection of current and proposed energy efficiency policies. In 2020, energy demand in the energy efficiency scenario is 8.6 % lower than the reference scenario and 11.1 % lower in the energy efficiency + scenario.
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