| 1. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(author)
-
Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 2. |
- Anderson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Social sham chewing in sows?
- 2024
-
In: Behavioural Processes. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 218
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this short communication, we describe chewing behaviour in sows with no apparent edible substrate in their mouth as a potential social behaviour. Chewing in sows during interaction with unfamiliar sows was unexpectedly observed in a study assessing social abilities and damaging behaviours in group-housed dry sows. Such chewing was observed frequently and performed by almost all sows. To our knowledge, this behaviour has not been described previously in a social context in pigs, but rather as an oral stereotypic behaviour related to chronic hunger. We describe the behaviour in its social context and speculate on reasons for its occurrence in that context.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- De Oliveira, Daiana, et al.
(author)
-
Calf-directed affiliative behaviour of dairy cows in two types of cow-calf contact systems
- 2021
-
In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an interest in alternative rearing systems that allow for prolonged cow-calf contact (CCC). Yet, a better understanding of cows' affiliative behaviour in those systems is needed. We evaluated the effect of type of CCC on calf-directed affiliative behaviour in dairy cows. Cows were permitted to have either: i) partial contact (PC) with their calf; calves were housed in a pen adjacent to the cow area allowing limited physical contact on initiative of the dam but no suckling (n = 18), or ii) full contact (FC) with their calf including suckling; calves were housed together with the dams in a free stall barn (n = 20). Proximity and physical contact between the cow and her own calf were recorded between 0 and 48 h postpartum in an individual maternity pen, and from 1 to 5 weeks postpartum in a free stall barn. Data were analysed with generalized linear models, except for behaviour with excess of zero-valued data where a Kruskal Wallis test was used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to identify consistency of behaviour in the maternity pen and free stall barn. After parturition, latency to onset of allogrooming did not differ among treatments (mean +/- SE, 8 +/- 3 min, P = 0.39). Throughout the first 48 h postpartum, no treatment differences were found in percentage of observed time spent allogrooming the calf (PC: 7.7 +/- 1.3%, FC: 9.5 +/- 1.5%), standing in proximity (<= 1 m radius) (PC: 22.9 +/- 2.1%, FC: 21.2 +/- 2.1%), or lying in proximity (PC: 30.5 +/- 4.3%, FC: 32.5 +/- 3.2%) (P 0.10). However, in the following 5 weeks, relative to PC cows, FC cows spent more time on average in close proximity to their calf (10.9 +/- 0.1% versus 3.1 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.001), and on allogrooming (2.1 +/- 0.2% versus 0.5 +/- 0.1%, P < 0.001). PCA revealed four components (explaining 76% of the variance). Lying in close and standing in far proximity in the maternity pen loaded (positive, negative, respectively) onto component 1, whereas physical contact and standing in close proximity in the free stall barn loaded negatively onto component 2. Standing in close proximity in the maternity pen loaded onto component 3, and standing 1-2 m near the calf in the free stall barn loaded onto component 4. Our results indicate that, in comparison with FC, PC decreases the expression of calf-directed affiliative behaviours in dairy cows, except in the 48 h following parturition. The partial CCC set-up limited the calf's accessibility, whereas calves in full CCC could initiate contact as well. Nonetheless, large interindividual differences in calf-directed affiliative behaviour were found that lacked consistency.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- De Oliveira, Daiana, et al.
(author)
-
Early human handling in non-weaned piglets: Effects on behaviour and body weight
- 2015
-
In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 164, s. 56-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early handling of animals including tactile stimulation (TS) has been shown to have beneficial effects on the physical and psychological development of species where considerable maternal interaction, e.g. in the form of licking, already occurs. But little is known about the magnitude of these effects, if any, in species without this natural mechanism. Piglets from 13 litters (N=127) were subjected to four treatments: AH - all piglets in a litter received TS; NH - none of the piglets in a litter received TS; 50/50H - half of a litter received TS and 50/50NH - half of a litter did not receive TS. The TS was performed by a human stroking the back of the piglet for 2 min from 5 to 35 days of age. At 4 weeks of age the piglets were tested twice in an open-field/human-approach test, with either a familiar (F) or an unfamiliar person (U). Body weight was measured at birth, 5,9 and 12 weeks of age. In the tests, AH and 50/50H piglets allowed more physical contact, regardless of the familiarity of the person (AH: 22.5 +/- 2.3 F; 24.1 +/- 2.3 U, 50/50H: 18.1 +/- 2.2 F; 25.3 +/- 2.2 U, P = 0.05). Additionally, AH piglets vocalized least and were least often in the perimeter zone (PZ) of the arena (AH grunts: 6.0 +/- 0.8, P= 0.002; 12.8 +/- 0.8, P = 0.0005; 18.1 +/- 0.8, P= 0.08; AH PZ: 3.9 +/- 0.8, P=0.009; 9.1 +/- 0.8, P= 0.003; 12.6 +/- 0.7, P= 0.004 in isolation, stationary and moving person phase, respectively). In contrast, NH piglets vocalized most and were most often in the PZ. 50/50NH had higher body weights at 12 weeks than 50/50H, whereas AH and NH piglets were intermediate (AH: 36.9 +/- 0.9, NH: 35.6 +/- 1.0, 50/50H: 34.2 +/- 1.3, 50/50NH: 37.8 +/- 1.3, P= 0.03). This study suggests that early handling changed the way piglets reacted to challenging situations in that handled piglets showed behaviour suggesting they were less fearful in a novel environment and less fearful of being handled by people in general. Interestingly though, the early handling did not result in the same beneficial effects on the physical development of the piglets, as handled piglets were not heavier. Instead, it was the 50/50NH piglets that were the heaviest, implying that the daily presence of a human moving around in the pen to handle the 50/50H piglets seemed to stimulate weight gain. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- De Oliveira, Daiana
(author)
-
Effect of cypermethrin on the control of lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and broiler performance
- 2021
-
In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. - 0100-736X .- 1678-5150. ; 41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analysed the effectiveness of using different levels of a product based on 6% cypermethrin and 2% citronella on broiler production and control the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). A total of 648 one-day-old chicks (Cobb (R)) which were allocated to one of three treatments (no application of the commercial product- control, and two concentrations of the product 2.00 and 3.33g/m(2)) in eight replicates with 27 birds each. The commercial product, which was based on cypermethrin was applied in the chambers with an atomizer. The lesser mealworm population was sampled weekly (1,7,14, 21, 28,35 and 42 days of the experiment) using traps, at three points (front, middle and back) inside the pen. The performance, carcass and cut yields were evaluated. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment, the number of lesser mealworm adults and larvae was lower in the treatment groups involving 2.00 and 3.33g/m(2) of the product than in the control group. On the first and 14th days of the study, the number of lesser mealworms adults was lower in the group treated with 3.33g/m(2) of the product compared to the control group, although the results did not differ statistically from those obtained with 2.00g/m(2) of the product. In conclusion, the application of the commercial product at both concentrations (2.00 and 3.33g/m(2)) was effective in combating Aiphitobius diaperinus adults and larvae, and the performance was not influenced by treatments.
|
|
| 9. |
- De Oliveira, Daiana
(author)
-
Effect of Type of Cow-Calf Contact on Health, Blood Parameters, and Performance of Dairy Cows and Calves
- 2022
-
In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prolonged cow-calf contact (CCC) could potentially improve dairy calf welfare. However, it is currently unknown how different types of CCC affect animals' biological functions. We evaluated health and performance parameters of dairy calves and their dams, where calves: (i) had no contact with their dam (NC), in which the calf was removed from the dam directly after birth (n = 10); (ii) were allowed to have partial contact (PC) with their dam, in which the calf was housed in a calf pen adjacent to the cow area allowing physical contact on the initiative of the dam but no suckling (n = 18); (iii) were allowed to have full contact (FC) with their dam, including suckling, in which calves were housed together with their dams in a free-stall barn (n = 20). Throughout the first 7 weeks postpartum, data were collected on the health status, fecal microbiota, hematological profile, immune and hormonal parameters, and growth rates of calves, and on the health status, metabolic responses, and performance of dams. Overall, FC calves had more health issues (P = 0.02) and a tendency for higher antibiotic usage (P = 0.07) than NC calves. Additionally, FC calves showed elevated levels of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocytes on day 49 compared to NC calves (P < 0.001). Calf fecal microbiota changed over time, and we found preliminary evidence that fecal microbiota is affected by the type of CCC, as reflected by differences in relative abundances of taxa including Lactobacillus in FC calves compared to NC and PC calves except on days 7 and 66. The FC calves had a greater average daily gain in body weight than NC and PC calves (P = 0.002). Cow health was not affected by the type of CCC, although in the first 7 weeks of lactation FC cows had a lower machine-gained milk yield accompanied by a lower fat percentage than NC and PC cows (P < 0.001). These results indicate that full contact posed a challenge for calf health, presumably because the housing conditions of FC calves in this experimental context were suboptimal. Secondly, ad libitum suckling leads to higher weight gains and negatively affected milk fat content besides machine-gained yields. More research into strategies to improve cow-calf housing and management in CCC systems is warranted.
|
|
| 10. |
- De Oliveira, Daiana, et al.
(author)
-
Individual variation over time in piglet's reactions to early handling and its association to weight gain
- 2019
-
In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 215, s. 7-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individual variation in how animals react in challenging situations is an important topic since it relates to different coping strategies. Previous work with piglets has focused mainly on the backtest, which does not take into account variation within an individual in how it adapts to the challenge. Our aim was to assess individual pig's reactions to human early handling by using different measures of individual variation, including how reactions by the same piglet change over time, and how these measures relate to piglet's weight gain. We stroked 66 piglets on their back for two minutes each day, starting at five days of age. Piglets were scored immediately after each handling session (scale 1-4, lowest reactive to highest reactive), totalling 15 scored sessions. Individual variation was calculated by averaging the scores (AS) of all sessions and by calculating the b-coefficient (b) of linear regressions in order to assess changes in individuals over time. We assessed the relationship between these measures (AS and b) and piglet growth at 5, 9 and 12 weeks of age using generalized mixed models. We found a large variation in piglet scores, and also that there was a continuum on how individual score within a piglet varied over time (b). This measure (b) was related to the piglet's overall weight gain (0-12 weeks of age) in that individuals who became calmer over time gained more weight than those who became more reactive over time (F = 3.87, P = 0.05). AS was positively related to weight gain, in that for each unit of increase in the reactive score, there was an increase of 1.3 kg in body weight at 9 weeks of age (F = 3.79, P = 0.05). We conclude that piglets show a large individual variation in their reaction to human handling, not only in the magnitude of their reactivity which has been shown previously, but also how their reactions change over time. For extreme individuals, this change probably implies habituating or sensitizing to the repeating handling. The change over time (b) was associated with weight gain, and we suggest that this association might be modulated by individual traits. We also suggest that individual traits interact with piglet's developmental plasticity, which are likely influencing their ontogeny, and in turn influence the further development of the piglet. In future studies developmental plasticity measured by changes over time should be considered when assessing individual variation.
|
|
