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- Buntzen, S, et al.
(author)
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The effect of pelvic nerve stimulation on recto-anal motility in the cat.
- 1996
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In: Journal of the autonomic nervous system. - 0165-1838. ; 61:3, s. 243-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rectal and anal motility responses to pharmacological manipulation of neuro-transmission and graded efferent electrical pelvic nerve stimulation were investigated in alpha-1-chloralose anaesthetized cats. N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, did not influence spontaneous rectal and anal motility. No significant change in anal pressure or rectal tone was observed after sectioning the pelvic nerves in animals pretreated with L-NNA. The effect of pelvic nerve stimulation on anal tone was varying and depended upon the intensity of stimulation and the prevailing anal tone. A reduction of anal tone on pelvic nerve stimulation was consistently converted to an increase of anal tone after pretreatment with L-NNA. The rectal response to pelvic nerve stimulation was unchanged by L-NNA. Residual increase of anal tone observed on pelvic nerve stimulation after L-NNA and noradrenergic blockade was partly sensitive to hexamethonium and abolished by atropine. The results suggest that there is no tonic influence on rectal and anal motility via nitric oxide mechanisms. On the other hand, the reduction of anal tone on high intensity pelvic nerve stimulation seemed to be dependent on the release of nitric oxide. An excitatory cholinergic component of the smooth muscle contractility of the feline anal canal, partly sensitive to hexamethonium, was demonstrated to be conveyed in the pelvic nerves.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Alexander, Ph.D, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Conditioned media from macrophages of M1, but not M2 phenotype, inhibit the proliferation of the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and CACO-2
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Oncology. - Athens, Greece : Spandidos. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 44:2, s. 385-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid tumors are infiltrated by stroma cells including macrophages and these cells can affect tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. We have investigated the effects of conditioned media (CM) from different macrophages on the proliferation of the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and CACO-2. CM from THP-1 macrophages and monocyte-derived human macrophages of the M1 phenotype, but not the M2 phenotype, inhibited proliferation of the tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lipopolysaccaharide and interferon gamma was used for differentiation of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype and CM were generated both during differentiation (M1(DIFF)) and after differentiation (M1). M1 and M1(DIFF) CM as well as THP-1 macrophage CM resulted in cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells with a decrease of cells in S phase and an increase in G(2)/M phase. Treatment of HT-29 cells with M1(DIFF), but not M1 or THP-1 macrophage CM, resulted in apoptosis of about 20% of the tumor cells and this was accompanied by lack of recovery of cell growth after removal of CM and subsequent culture in fresh media. A protein array was used to identify cytokines released from M1 and M2 macrophages. Among the cytokines released by M1 macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha and CXCL9 were tested by direct addition to HT-29 cells, but neither affected proliferation. Our results indicate that M1 macrophages inhibit colon cancer cell growth and have the potential of contributing to reducing tumor growth in vivo.
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| 3. |
- Esguerra, Maricris, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Intravital fluorescent microscopic evaluation of bacterial cellulose as scaffold for vascular grafts.
- 2010
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In: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 93:1, s. 140-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although commonly used synthetic vascular grafts perform satisfactorily in large caliber blood vessels, they are prone to thrombosis in small diameter vessels. Therefore, small vessels might benefit from tissue engineered vascular grafts. This study evaluated bacterial cellulose (BC) as a potential biomaterial for biosynthetic blood vessels. We implanted the dorsal skinfold chambers in three groups of Syrian golden hamsters with BC (experimental group), polyglycolic acid, or expanded polytetrafluorethylene (control groups). Following implantation, we used intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry to analyze the biocompatibility, neovascularization, and incorporation of each material over a time period of 2 weeks. Biocompatibility was good in all groups, as indicated by the absence of leukocyte activation upon implantation. All groups displayed angiogenic response in the host tissue, but that response was highest in the polyglycolic acid group. Histology revealed vascularized granulation tissue surrounding all three biomaterials, with many proliferating cells and a lack of apoptotic cell death 2 weeks after implantation. In conclusion, BC offers good biocompatibility and material incorporation compared with commonly used materials in vascular surgery. Thus, BC represents a promising new biomaterial for tissue engineering of vascular grafts.
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