| 1. |
- Kugelberg, Susanna, et al.
(author)
-
Public health nutrition workforce development in seven European countries : constraining and enabling factors
- 2012
-
In: Public Health Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 15:11, s. 1989-1998
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Little is known about current public health nutrition workforce development in Europe. The present study aimed to understand constraining and enabling factors to workforce development in seven European countries.Design: A qualitative study comprised of semi-structured face-to-face interviews was conducted and content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interview data.Setting: The study was carried out in Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK.Subjects: Sixty key informants participated in the study.Results: There are constraining and enabling factors for public health nutrition workforce development. The main constraining factors relate to the lack of a supportive policy environment, fragmented organizational structures and a workforce that is not cohesive enough to implement public health nutrition strategic initiatives. Enabling factors were identified as the presence of skilled and dedicated individuals who assume roles as leaders and change agents.Conclusions: There is a need to strengthen coordination between policy and implementation of programmes which may operate across the national to local spectrum. Public health organizations are advised to further define aims and objectives relevant to public health nutrition. Leaders and agents of change will play important roles in fostering intersectorial partnerships, advocating for policy change, establishing professional competencies and developing education and training programmes.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- D'Ippolito, Veronica, et al.
(author)
-
Color mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue color
- 2015
-
In: Physics and chemistry of minerals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-1791 .- 1432-2021. ; 42:6, s. 431-439
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six natural, blue colored spinel crystals were studied chemically by electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAICP-MS) techniques and optically by UV–VIS–NIR–MIR spectroscopy in the range 30,000–2,000 cm−1 to investigate the causes of their blue color hues. The positions of the absorption bands vary only marginally with the principal composition of the samples (gahnite vs. spinel s.s .). Although blue colors in spinels are frequently the result of various electronic processes in Fe cations, we demonstrate by comparison with synthetic Co-bearing samplesthat Co acts as an important chromophore also in natural spinels. Already at concentration levels of a few ppm (e.g.,>10 ppm), cobalt gives rise to absorption bands at ~18,000, 17,000 and 16,000 cm−1 that result in distinct blue coloration. In spinels with insignificant Co contents, different shades of paler blue (from purplish to greenish blue) colors are caused by electronic transitions in TFe2+, MFe2+, MFe3+ and Fe2+–Fe3+ cation pairs.
|
|
| 6. |
- D'Ippolito, Veronica, et al.
(author)
-
Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterisation of a natural Zn-rich spinel approaching the endmember gahnite (ZnAl2O4) composition
- 2013
-
In: Mineralogical magazine. - : Mineralogical Society. - 0026-461X .- 1471-8022. ; 77, s. 2941-2953
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The crystal chemistry of a natural, gem-quality, blue-grey Zn-rich spinel crystal from Jemaa, Kaduna State, Nigeria, was studied using electron microprobe, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and Raman spectroscopies. The composition of the crystal approaches the gahnite endmember (ZnAl2O4), ∼94 mol.%, with the remainder being dominated by a hercynite component (FeAl2O4). The unit-cell dimension is 8.0850(3) Å and the tetrahedral and octahedral bond distances are determined asT–O 1.9485(6) Å andM–O 1.9137(3) Å. Crystal chemical analysis resulted in the empirical structural formulaT(Zn0.94Fe2+0.03Al0.03)M(Al1.96Fe2+0.03Fe3+0.01)O4, which shows Zn and Al almost fully ordered in the tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinatedTandMsites, respectively. Raman spectra obtained using the excitation of the blue 473.1 nm line of a Nd:YAG laser display three of the five Raman-active modes predicted for the general oxide spinel group of minerals. These are the Egmode at 420.6 cm–1and the T2gmodes at 510 cm–1and 661 cm–1, due to vibrations in the AlO6octahedra. Optical absorption spectra recorded in the UV/VIS-NIR-MIR range 2000 29000 cm–1show a dominant absorption band at ∼5000 cm–1which is caused by spin-allowed electronicd–dtransitions in Fe2+located at theTsites. The blue-grey hue exhibited by the sample is mainly due to spin-forbidden electronic transitions inTFe2+and toMFe2+↔MFe3+intervalence charge transfer, and the poor saturation of the colour is due to the small concentration of Fe2+and Fe3+.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sayardoust, Shariel, 1979
(author)
-
The effect of tobacco exposure on bone healing and the osseointegrationof dental implants
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The mechanisms behind the impact of smoking on osseointegration are not fully understood. Aim: To correlate the clinical and molecular aspects of osseointegration in smokers compared with non-smokers. Methodology: Study I: In a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmokers, the 5-years implant survival and marginal bone loss (MBL) of machined and oxidized implants, were assessed. Studies II and III: In a prospective controlled study, smokers (n=16) and non-smokers (n=16) received machined, oxidized and laser-modified implants. Pain scores, implant stability quotient (ISQ) and gene expression of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and baseline bone biopsies were analyzed during 0-90d. Clinical assessments and radiology were performed at 90d. Study IV: Smokers (n=24) and non-smokers (n=24), each received two mini-implants with machined and oxidized surfaces. The gene expression of selected factors was analyzed in implant-adherent cells and surrounding bone after 1d, 7d and 28d. Results: Study I: Overall implant survival rate was lower in smokers. In smokers, machined implants failed more frequently than oxidized implants. Mean MBL at 5 years was higher at machined implants in smokers vs. non-smokers. Studies II and III: A higher ISQ was found in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Greater MBL was found in smokers than non-smokers, particularly at the machined implant. At 90d in smokers, the PICF around machined implants revealed a higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, and a lower expression of osteocalcin compared with the surface-modified implants. Multivariate regression revealed that smoking, BoP, IL-6 expression in PICF at 90d and HIF-1α baseline expression are predictors for MBL at 90d. Study IV: Cells adherent to machined implants revealed higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α. After 7d and 28d, the expression of bone formation gene, ALP, was higher at oxidized implants. Smoking was associated with initial inhibition of bone remodeling (CTR) and coupling (OPG and RANKL) genes in cells on machined implants. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with higher MBL during the early healing phase (0- 90d), and an increased failure rate and MBL in the long-term (5 years). Whereas the machined implants were associated with a dysregulated inflammation, osteogenesis and remodeling, an increased MBL and failure rate in smokers, the oxidized implants appear to favor osseointegration by mitigating the negative effects of smoking. It is concluded that the local effects of smoking on osseointegration are modulated by host factors and implant surface properties.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sayari, F., et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of the effect of ECAP and SSE on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of magnesium
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 908
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of pure Mg, as a model hcp metal, were compared after processing by the two severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and simple shear extrusion (SSE). Both processes were performed on extruded bars at 250 degrees C for up to four passes, where the minimum grain sizes of 13.7 and 9.8 mu m were achieved in the ECAP and SSE processes, respectively. The fraction of dynamically recrystallized (DRX) grains, high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and the evolution of dislocation density with equivalent strain experienced the same trend in both processes with higher values after ECAP. The textural evolutions were completely different during ECAP and SSE despite their similar deformation modes. A conventional shear texture was developed after ECAP, while after SSE basal planes were aligned parallel to the processing direction. In the ECAP-processed material, texture softening and lower dislocation density counterbalanced the strengthening effect of grain refinement, resulting in a decrease in shear yield stress (SYS) and ultimate shear strength (USS), while in SSE the shear strength increased constantly with increasing number of passes. It can be deduced from the experimental results that SSE was more effective in achieving a fine-grained homogenous microstructure with high shear strengths as compared to ECAP.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
