| 1. |
- Alder-Rangel, Alene, et al.
(author)
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The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress – ISFUS
- 2020
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In: Fungal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-6146. ; 124:5, s. 235-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology.
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| 2. |
- Dijksterhuis, Jacomijn P., et al.
(author)
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High levels of WNT-5A in human glioma correlate with increased presence of tumor-associated microglia/monocytes
- 2015
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 339:2, s. 280-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Malignant gliomas are among the most severe types of cancer, and the most common primary brain tumors. Treatment options are limited and the prognosis is poor. WNT-5A, a member of the WNT family of lipoglycoproteins, plays a role in oncogenesis and tumor progression in various cancers, whereas the role of WNT-5A in glioma remains obscure. Based on the role of WNT-5A as an oncogene, its potential to regulate microglia cells and the glioma-promoting capacities of microglia cells, we hypothesize that WNT-5A has a role in regulation of immune functions in glioma. We investigated WNT-5A expression by in silico analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) transcript profiling of human glioblastoma samples and immunohistochemistry experiments of human glioma tissue microarrays (TMA). Our results reveal higher WNT-5A protein levels and mRNA expression in a subgroup of gliomas (WNT-5A(high)) compared to non-malignant control brain tissue. Furthermore, we show a significant correlation between WNT-5A in the tumor and presence of major histocompatibility complex Class II-positive microglia/monocytes. Our data pinpoint a positive correlation between WNT-5A and a proinflammatory signature in glioma. We identify increased presence of microglia/monocytes as an important aspect in the inflammatory transformation suggesting a novel role for WNT-5A in human glioma.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jennessen, Jennifer, et al.
(author)
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Morphological characteristics of sporangiospores of the tempe fungus Rhizopus oligosporus differentiate it from other taxa of the R-microsporus group
- 2008
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In: Mycological Research. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Elsevier BV. - 0953-7562 .- 1469-8102. ; 112, s. 547-563
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fungus Rhizopus oligosporus (R. microsporus var. oligosporus) is traditionally used to make tempe, a fermented food based on soybeans. Interest in the fungus has steadily increased, as it can also ferment other substrates, produce enzymes, and treat waste material. R. oligosporus belongs to the R. microsporus group consisting of morphologically similar taxa, which are associated with food fermentation, pathogenesis, or unwanted metabolite production (rhizonins and rhizoxins). The ornamentation pattern, shape, and size of sporangiospores of 26 R. microsporus group strains and two R. oryzae strains were studied using low-temperature SEM (LT-SEM) and LM. This study has shown that: (1) LT-SEM generates images from well-conserved sporangiophores, sporangia, and spores. (2) Robust spore ornamentation patterns can be linked to all different taxa of the R. microsporus group, some previously incorrectly characterized as smooth. Ornamentation included valleys and ridges running in parallel, granular plateaus, or smooth polar areas. Distribution of ornamentation patterns was related to spore shape, which either was regular, ranging from globose to ellipsoidal, or irregular. Specific differences in spore shape, size, and ornamentation were observed between Rhizopus taxa, and sometimes between strains. (3) R. oligosporus has a defect in the spore formation process, which may be related to the domesticated nature of this taxon. It had a high proportion, 10-31 %, of large and irregular spores, and was significantly differentiated from other, natural Rhizopus taxa as evaluated with partial least squares discriminant analysis. it is remarkable that the vehicle of distribution, the sporangiospore, is affected in the strains that are distributed by human activity. This provides information about the specificity and speed of changes that occur in fungal strains because of their use in (food) industry.
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| 5. |
- Leong, Su-lin L., et al.
(author)
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Genome and physiology of the ascomycete filamentous fungus Xeromyces bisporus, the most xerophilic organism isolated to date
- 2015
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In: Environmental Microbiology. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 17:2, s. 496-513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Xeromyces bisporus can grow on sugary substrates down to 0.61, an extremely low water activity. Its genome size is approximately 22Mb. Gene clusters encoding for secondary metabolites were conspicuously absent; secondary metabolites were not detected experimentally. Thus, in its dry' but nutrient-rich environment, X.bisporus appears to have relinquished abilities for combative interactions. Elements to sense/signal osmotic stress, e.g. HogA pathway, were present in X.bisporus. However, transcriptomes at optimal (approximate to 0.89) versus low a(w) (0.68) revealed differential expression of only a few stress-related genes; among these, certain (not all) steps for glycerol synthesis were upregulated. Xeromyces bisporus increased glycerol production during hypo- and hyper-osmotic stress, and much of its wet weight comprised water and rinsable solutes; leaked solutes may form a protective slime. Xeromyces bisporus and other food-borne moulds increased membrane fatty acid saturation as water activity decreased. Such modifications did not appear to be transcriptionally regulated in X.bisporus; however, genes modulating sterols, phospholipids and the cell wall were differentially expressed. Xeromyces bisporus was previously proposed to be a chaophile', preferring solutes that disorder biomolecular structures. Both X.bisporus and the closely related xerophile, Xerochrysium xerophilum, with low membrane unsaturation indices, could represent a phylogenetic cluster of chaophiles'.
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| 6. |
- Vinnere Pettersson, Olga, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny and intraspecific variation of the extreme xerophile, Xeromyces bisporus
- 2011
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In: Fungal Biology. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 1878-6146 .- 1878-6162. ; 115:11, s. 1100-1111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The filamentous ascomycete Xeromyces bisporus is an extreme xerophile able to grow down to a water activity of 0.62. We have inferred the phylogenetic position of Xeromyces in relation to other xerophilic and xerotolerant fungi in the order Eurotiales. Using nrDNA and betatubulin sequences, we show that it is more closely related to the xerophilic food-borne species of the genus Chrysosporium, than to the genus Monascus. The taxonomy of X. bisporus and Monascus is discussed. Based on physiological, morphological, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, we suggest that Xeromyces should be retained as a separate genus.
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