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- Sloot, Frea, et al.
(author)
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Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
- 2015
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In: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 22:2, s. 55-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
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- Bollen, Math, et al.
(author)
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Voltage dip immunity aspects of power-electronics equipment : Recommendations from CIGRE/CIRED/UIE JWG C4.110
- 2011
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In: 2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC 2010). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 803-810
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents some of the results from an international working group on voltage-dip immunity. The working group has made a number of recommendations to reduce the adverse impact of voltage dips. Specific recommendations to researchers and manufacturers of powerelectronic equipment are: considering all voltage dip characteristics early in the design of equipment; characterize performance of equipment by means of voltage-dip immunity curves; and made equipment with different immunity available
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- Bollen, Math, et al.
(author)
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Voltage dip immunity aspects of power electronics equipment : Recommendations from CIGRE/CIRED/UIE JWG C4.110
- 2011
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In: Proceeding of the International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467303798 ; , s. 803-810
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents some of the results from an international working group on voltage-dip immunity. The working group has made a number of recommendations to reduce the adverse impact of voltage dips. Specific recommendations to researchers and manufacturers of power-electronic equipment are: considering all voltage dip characteristics early in the design of equipment; characterize performance of equipment by means of voltage-dip immunity curves; and made equipment with different immunity available.
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- Bollen, Math, et al.
(author)
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Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations - Messages to stakeholders
- 2012
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In: 2012 IEEE 15th International Conferenceon Harmonics and Quality of Power. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467319447 - 9781467319430 ; , s. 915-919
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the messages to the stakeholders on voltage-dip immunity as extracted by UIE WG2 from CIGRE TB412 [1]. The paper summarizes the main recommendations from this technical brochure in the form of messages towards regulators, standard-setting-organizations, network operators, industrial customers, equipment manufacturers, and power quality monitor manufacturers, researchers.
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