| 1. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Formula feeding supplemented with milk fat globule membranes improves cognitive score in term infants at 12 months
- 2013
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In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55 (Suppl. S2). - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 50-50
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Findings of enhanced cognitive development in breast‐fed compared with formula‐fed infants suggest that breast milk contains neurodevelopmentally beneficial components. Animal studies report positive behavioral effects of supplementation with components included in the bovine milkfat globule membrane fraction (MFGM). Behavioral effects of MFGM supplemented formula in human infants have not been studied. This study tested the hypothesis that infants fed an experimental formula (EF) supplemented with a bovine MFGM fraction would display a more favorable neurofunctional development than infants fed a standard formula (SF) at 12 months.Participants and Methods: Healthy term formula‐fed infants (n = 160) and a breast‐fed reference (BFR) group (n = 80) were included in a prospective double blind randomized trial before 2 months of age. Formula‐fed infants were randomized to receive EF or SF from inclusion until 6 months. At 12 months, cognitive, motor and verbal functions were tested using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III.Results: The cognitive score was significantly higher in the EF (105.8 ± 9.2) than SF (101.8 ± 8.0) group, but equal between the EF and BFR groups. No differences were found in motor or verbal score between the formula groups. The BFR group displayed higher verbal but not motor scores than the formula groups.Conclusion: In keeping with the hypothesis, feeding infants MFGM supplemented formula resulted in improved cognitive function at 12 months compared with a standard formula. The difference in cognitive score between the EF and SF groups is compliant with calculated differences between formula‐fed and breast‐fed infants in previous studies.
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| 2. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Improved fine motor performance in children born preterm : a longitudinal study of upper-limb kinematics from 4 to 8 years
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction:Although children born preterm (PT) are at known risk for impaired neuromotor development, longitudinal studies using detailed measurements of motor performance are rare. This study investigated developmental changes in goal-directed upper-limb kinematics from 4-8 years old in a sample of children born fullterm (FT) and PT without known developmental disabilities.Participants and Methods:3D kinematic recordings of performance with either arm/hand during a goal-directed unimanual precision task were carried out at 4 and 8 years in 37 children (13 very PT, V-PT, < 32 GW; 5 moderately PT, M-PT, 33-35 GW; 19 FT).Results:Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for group and occasion, and interaction effects between group and occasion, for distal movement duration (p < .0001) and segmentation in terms of movement units (MUs, p < .0001). From initially having displayed less proficient movement organization at 4 years than both children born FT and M-PT, the children born V-PT showed a marked catch-up at 8 years, where no significant group differences remained. The mean between-occasion difference was substantial for both duration and segmentation in V-PT relative the other groups, although with noticeably higher within-group variability (MSD = 1.2 s/7.8 MUs) than M-PT (MSD = 0.5 s/2.5 MUs) and FT (MSD = 0.5 s/4.2 MUs).Conclusion:The children born PT, V-PT in particular, generally displayed a considerable gain in fine motor performance from preschool to school age. Compared with the FT and M-PT groups, however, the rate of improvement appears more heterogeneous in the V-PT group
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| 3. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm
- 2013
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In: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
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| 4. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Risk for Behavioral Problems Independent of Cognitive Functioning in Children Born at Low Gestational Ages
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 8:311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral outcomes in relation to gestational age (GA) in school-aged children born preterm (PT). Results from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed in 51 children (mean age: 7.8 years [range: 7.0–8.7]) born PT (mean GA: 31 weeks [range: 23–35]; birth weight, mean: 1,637 g [range:404–2,962]) with the majority (96%) having no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. The control group included 57 age-matched typically developing children (mean age: 7.9 years [range: 6.2–8.7]) born full-term (FT). Children born PT, extremelyPT (GA < 28) in particular, showed significantly lower cognitive performance and higher behavioral problem scores compared with children born FT. GA was found to predict aspects of both cognitive functioning and behavioral problems within the PT group, with lower GA being related to both poorer cognitive outcomes and elevated affective and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Global cognitive functioning did not independently predict aspects of behavioral outcomes. Findings demonstrate that, even in children born PT without severe perinatal and/or postnatal complications and receiving active perinatal care, a short gestation is an evident risk factor for long-term negative effects on mental health independent of cognitive functioning. Additional findings suggest that both reduced growth and lower parental educational level may contribute to increased risk for poorer cognitive and behavioral functioning in children born PT.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al.
(author)
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Early risk factors and cognitive outcomes in children born preterm
- 2012
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In: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 24-24
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Research has consistently demonstrated a greater risk for learning-related problems in children born preterm. However, little research has explored the longterm effects of early risk factors (RFs) on cognitive outcome. Thus, the associations between RFs and cognitive functions are the main focus of the present research.Methods: A sample of 32 children born preterm (M GW=31.5, [22–35]; M age=7.7yrs) and 38 age and sex matched full-term born control group (M age=7.7) underwentWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) testing. A number of RF in the pre/perinatal period was identified from information in medical records.Results: The children born preterm had significantly lower scores than full-term controls on the WISC-IV in terms of full-scale IQ (FSIQ; M=94.5 and 102.1 respectively) and performance index (PIQ) (M=100 and 106.8 respectively). Within the preterm group, standardized birth weight (BW) was positively correlated with FSIQ and PIQ. Further, the total number of RF was negatively correlated with FSIQ and working memory index.Discussion: As previously shown, most of the children born preterm score within normal limits on the WISC-IV, they score significantly lower and demonstrate higher rates of sub-average IQ and PIQ than their full-term peers. Additionally, early RFs were associated with several measures of cognitive functioning. Thus, these results highlight the importance of including early medical history when analyzing outcomes of preterm birth. Further enquiries are necessary to look into the relationship between specific RFs and cognition in order to better predict outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive performance and behavioral functions in relation to gestational age (GA) at birth
- 2015
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In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:Suppl s4, s. 21-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction:It is well established that a very preterm birth (PT) relates to increased behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and associations between different gestational ages (GA) at birth (term, late-to-extreme) and later functions. This study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal project.Participants and Methods:Test outcomes from WISC-IV and Achenbach’s Child-Behavior-Checklist (CBCL) in children tested at 7-8-years (M=7.7) were used to investigate group differences as effect of GA at birth. In total, 64 preterm born (PT), GA range 22-36, (divided into groups of 14 extremely-PT/EPT, 17 very-PT/VPT, and 33 moderately PT/MPT) and 64 term born (TB), were included. Additionally, associations between GA, birth weight (BW), and outcomes from WISC-IV and CBCL were investigated.Results:Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed significantly (p < .05) poorer WISC outcomes on Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, and on Full-Scale-IQ for children born EPT/VPT in comparison to MPT and TB born. Parents’ CBCL ratings reveled that EPT children had significantly higher prevalence of Attention problems, Thought problems, Aggressive and Somatic complaints. Including the PT-group only shown significant positive correlations between GA/BW respectively and full scale IQ. Higher GA/BW was related to increasing IQ scores. Significant negative correlations were seen between GA/BW respectively and TotProblem/CBCL-scale. Additionally, CBCL/DSM-Oriented Scales; Adhd-, Opposite-, and Conduct-Problems correlated significantly negative with GA/BW in the PT-born children.Conclusion:Our study provides further support for associations between increased risk of cognitive and behavior problems with decreasing GA/BW at birth.
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| 7. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Effects of twin-births on IQ, handedness, and brain volumes in 8-years-old preterm born twins and matched singletons: a pilot study
- 2016
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In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 58:S6, s. 57-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Children born preterm have a high prevalence of long-term cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Still, studies of how preterm-twin-births may effect brain maturation and thus, contribute to long-term effects on brain-behavioral development and functions are rare.Aim: To investigate whether brain volumes differ between twin (TPB) and singleton preterm born (SPB) and full-term born children (FTB) and associate to long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as to gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and head circumference (BHC) at birth.Method: A sample of 22 twin born preterm (Mean GA=32.1, BW=1781), 23 matched singletons preterm (Mean GA=31.8, BW=1751), and 22 full-term singletons were included. All children were investigated by means of their cognition functions (WISC-IV), handedness performance index and brain volumes (3 Tesla MRI) at early school ages (M=7.8y) in 40 children (9 TPB, 10 SPB, 21 FTB).Results: The FTB-children performed better than both TPB and SPB on cognitive performance, and showed higher IQ. Brain volumes, especially Gray matter were stronger associated with IQ in the twins. Furthermore it was found that the SPB singletons had smaller Total Brain volume and less Grey Matter than FTB. The twins showed a higher prevalence of non-right handedness associated to GA, than both SPB and FTB. Independently of birth status, GA, BW and BHC were found to correlate positively with IQ, Total Brain volume, and Gray-and White matter volumes.Conclusion: Discordant handedness in TPB children and associations to lower GA indicate effect of twin-births on early functional laterality. The overall associations found between low GA/BW and smaller BHC at birth in preterm born and associations with lower IQ and smaller brain volumes at 8-y indicate that a very preterm birth are a higher predictor for long-term effects on brain development and cognitive performance than twin-birth per se.
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| 8. |
- Timby, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Neurodevelopment and growth until 6.5 years of infants who consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes : a randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 113:3, s. 586-592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We previously reported results from a randomized controlled trial in which we found that Swedish infants consuming an experimental low-energy, low-protein formula (EF) supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) until 6 mo of age had several positive outcomes, including better performance in the cognitive domain of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition at 12 mo of age, and higher plasma cholesterol concentrations during the intervention, than infants consuming standard formula (SF).OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate neurodevelopment, growth, and plasma cholesterol status at 6 and 6.5 y of age in the same study population.METHODS: We assessed cognitive and executive functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th Edition (WISC-IV), Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales for Children and Adolescents (Brown-ADD), and Quantified Behavior (Qb) tests, and behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF), at 6.5 y of age. Anthropometrics and plasma lipids were assessed at 6 y of age.RESULTS: There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in any of the subscales in WISC-IV or Brown-ADD at 6.5 y of age, in the proportion of children with scores outside the normal range in the Qb test, nor in clinical or borderline indications of problems in adaptive functioning from parental and teacher's scoring using the CBCL and TRF. There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in weight, length, or head or abdominal circumferences, nor in plasma concentrations of homocysteine, lipids, insulin, or glucose.CONCLUSIONS: Among children who as infants consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine MFGMs, there were no effects on neurodevelopment, growth, or plasma cholesterol status 6-6.5 y later.
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| 9. |
- Timby, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth until 12 mo of age in infants fed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes : a randomized controlled trial1,2,3
- 2014
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:4, s. 860-868
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Observational studies have indicated that differences in the composition of human milk and infant formula yield benefits in cognitive development and early growth for breastfed infantsObjective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that feeding an infant formula with reduced energy and protein densities and supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) reduces differences in cognitive development and early growth between formula-fed and breastfed infants.Design: In a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 160 infants <2 mo of age were randomly assigned to be fed an MFGM-supplemented, low-energy, low-protein experimental formula (EF) or a standard formula (SF) until 6 mo of age. The energy and protein contents of the EF and SF were 60 and 66 kcal/100 mL and 1.20 and 1.27 g/100 mL, respectively. A breastfed reference (BFR) group consisted of 80 infants.Results: At 12 mo of age, the cognitive score (mean ± SD) on testing with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, was significantly higher in the EF group than in the SF group (105.8 ± 9.2 compared with 101.8 ± 8.0; P = 0.008) but was not significantly different from that in the BFR group (106.4 ± 9.5; P = 0.73). The EF group ingested larger volumes of formula than did the SF group (864 ± 174 compared with 797 ± 165 mL/d; P = 0.022), fully compensating for the lower energy density. No significant differences in linear growth, weight gain, body mass index, percentage body fat, or head circumference were found between the EF and SF groups.Conclusions: MFGM supplementation to infant formula narrows the gap in cognitive development between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Between 2 and 6 mo of age, formula-fed term infants have the capacity to upregulate their ingested volumes when the energy density of formula is reduced from 66 to 60 kcal/100 mL. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00624689.
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| 10. |
- Walton, Lois, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Parkinson's Disease : A Feasibility and Single-Subject Study on Cognition, Movement and Functional Brain Response
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Parkinson's disease (PD), the fronto-striatal network is involved in motor and cognitive symptoms. Working memory (WM) updating training engages this network in healthy populations, as observed by improved cognitive performance and increased striatal BOLD signal. This two-part study aimed to assess the feasibility of WM updating training in PD and measure change in cognition, movement and functional brain response in one individual with PD after WM updating training. A feasibility and single-subject (FL) study were performed in which patients with PD completed computerized WM updating training. The outcome measures were the pre-post changes in criterion and transfer cognitive tests; cognitive complaints; psychological health; movement kinematics; and task-related BOLD signal. Participants in the feasibility study showed improvements on the criterion tests at post-test. FL displayed the largest improvements on the criterion tests and smaller improvements on transfer tests. Furthermore, FL reported improved cognitive performance in everyday life. A shorter onset latency and smoother upper-limb goal-directed movements were measured at post-test, as well as increased activation within the striatum and decreased activation throughout the fronto-parietal WM network. This two-part study demonstrated that WM updating training is feasible to complete for PD patients and that change occurred in FL at post-test in the domains of cognition, movement and functional brain response.
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