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- O' Donovan, Daniel H., et al.
(author)
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The Next Generation of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists : Improving Response Rates in Cancer Immunotherapy
- 2020
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In: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 0929-8673 .- 1875-533X. ; 27:34, s. 5654-5674
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recent success of checkpoint blocking antibodies has sparked a revolution in cancer immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibition activates the adaptive immune system leading to durable responses across a range of tumor types, although this response is limited to patient populations with pre-existing tumor infiltrating T cells. Strategies to stimulate the immune system to prime an antitumor response are of intense interest and several groups are now working to develop agents to activate the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), proteins which detect pathogenic and damage-associated molecules and respond by activating the innate immune response. Although early efforts focused on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of membrane-bound PRRs, TLR activation has been associated with both pro- and antitumor effects. Nonetheless, TLR agonists have been deployed as potential anticancer agents in a range of clinical trials. More recently, the cytosolic PRR Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) has attracted attention as another promising target for anticancer drug development, with early clinical data beginning to emerge. Besides STING, several other cytosolic PRR targets have likewise captured the interest of the drug discovery community, including the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). In this review, we describe the outlook for activators of PRRs as anticancer therapeutic agents and contrast the earlier generation of TLR agonists with the emerging focus on cytosolic PRR activators, both as single agents and in combination with other cancer immunotherapies.
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| 2. |
- Oliver, Tom H, et al.
(author)
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Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food system
- 2018
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In: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2059-4798. ; 1:e9, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our current global food system – from food production to consumption, including manufacture, packaging, transport, retail and associated businesses – is responsible for extensive negative social and environmental impacts which threaten the long-term well-being of society. This has led to increasing calls from science–policy organizations for major reform and transformation of the global food system. However, our knowledge regarding food system transformations is fragmented and this is hindering the development of co-ordinated solutions. Here, we collate recent research across several academic disciplines and sectors in order to better understand the mechanisms that ‘lock-in’ food systems in unsustainable states.
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