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- Abel, I, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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3. |
- Bengtsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Optimering av livskedjan.
- 1983
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In: Livsmedelsteknik. ; 25:4, s. 181-182
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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- Drake, Birger, et al.
(author)
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Food crushing sounds : An analytic approach
- 1974
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In: Rheologica Acta. - 0035-4511 .- 1435-1528. ; 13:3, s. 608-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As a complement to the study of human mastication sounds, crushing sounds produced with a mechanical device were tape recorded and played back in such a way as to obtain acoustical line spectra for short intervals around the points of time when the sounds were loudest. The spectra were then evaluated to give measures calculated from amplitudes belonging to sets of such frequencies. These measures aimed at, e.g., estimating the width of the frequency band occupied by the major part of the sound, the two theoretically possible extremes being a pure tone and a "white noise". In a way, this analytical method results in discrete Fourier transforms. In studies with various brands of crisp bread it was found that the crushing sound differed in a reproducible way among the brands. The sounds, however, do not measure the same properties as ordinary rheological analyses. They can therefore be considered as a potential complement to flexure and compression data. © 1974 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag.
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