| 1. |
- Allander, T, et al.
(author)
-
Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies against different conformational epitopes of the E2 envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus that inhibit its interaction with CD81
- 2000
-
In: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 81:10, s. 2451-2459
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antibody response to the envelope proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may play an important role in controlling the infection. To allow molecular analyses of protective antibodies, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies to the E2 envelope glycoprotein of HCV from a combinatorial Fab library established from bone marrow of a chronically HCV-infected patient. Anti-E2 reactive clones were selected using recombinant E2 protein. The bone marrow donor carried HCV genotype 2b, and E2 used for selection was of genotype 1a. The antibody clones were expressed as Fab fragments in E. coli, and as Fab fragments and IgG1 in CHO cells. Seven different antibody clones were characterized, and shown to have high affinity for E2, genotype 1a. Three clones also had high affinity for E2 of genotype 1b. They all bind to conformation-dependent epitopes. Five clones compete for the same or overlapping binding sites, while two bind to one or two other epitopes of E2. Four clones corresponding to the different epitopes were tested as purified IgG1 for blocking the CD81-E2 interaction in vitro; all four were positive at 0.3-0.5 microg/ml. Thus, the present results suggest the existence of at least two conserved epitopes in E2 that mediate inhibition of the E2-CD81 interaction, of which one appeared immunodominant in this donor.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Drakenberg, Olof, 1964, et al.
(author)
-
Greening Development Planning: A review of country case studies for making the economic case for improved management of environment and natural resources : OECD Environment Working Papers, No. 5
- 2009
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Different approaches to making the economic case for improved management of natural capital in national planning are reviewed in this report. In many low-income countries natural resources sectors (agriculture, mining, forestry, fishery, nature-based tourism) are identified as the engines of economic growth. However, a majority of the ecosystems on which human well-being depends are being degraded. The difficulties in providing economic and policy-relevant information about sustainable economic management of natural capital are often seen as an important reason for inadequate integration of the environment in macroeconomic and sector polices. The report concludes that the analysed country studies (Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mozambique, Peru, Tajikistan and Uganda) mainly relied on existing domestic or international analytical work, used relatively basic calculations/data (such as the market value of fisheries, the value of timber sold etc.) and often formed part of a broader analytical effort. Examples of findings in the country reports include prospects for increasing fiscal revenues from natural resources with more than 150 % (Mozambique) and estimates of costs associated with poor environmental management to be equivalent to 3.9 % of GDP (Peru). By involving policy makers in the process of making the country reports, and focusing on environmental and natural resources issues in function of their links with prioritised objectives like economic growth, poverty reduction and public health, the chances to influence policy making have been enhanced. Drawing from the review of these country case studies as well as literature on public policy, this report provides recommendations for governments wishing to undertake an economic analysis of the environment and natural resources management for planning purposes, and for OECD members interested in supporting the process.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mattinen, M-L, et al.
(author)
-
Quaternary Structure Buildt from Subunuts Combining NMR and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Data
- 2002
-
In: Biophysical Journal. - 1542-0086. ; 83:2, s. 1177-1183
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new principle in constructing molecular complexes from the known high-resolution domain structures joining data from NMR and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements is described. Structure of calmodulin in complex with trifluoperazine was built from N- and C-terminal domains oriented based on residual dipolar couplings measured by NMR in a dilute liquid crystal, and the overall shape of the complex was derived from SAXS data. The residual dipolar coupling data serves to reduce angular degrees of freedom, and the small-angle scattering data serves to confine the translational degrees of freedom. The complex built by this method was found to be consistent with the known crystal structure. The study demonstrates how approximate tertiary structures of modular proteins or quaternary structures composed of subunits can be assembled from high-resolution structures of domains or subunits using mutually complementary NMR and SAXS data.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
