| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 5. |
- Davies, Stuart J., et al.
(author)
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ForestGEO: Understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network
- 2021
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In: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 253
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the world's forested nations, and increased collaboration and integration among research networks and disciplines addressing forest science.
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| 6. |
- Du, Chun, et al.
(author)
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9-Alkylidene-9H-Fluorene-Containing Polymer for High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
- 2011
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In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society. - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 44:19, s. 7617-7624
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel donor-acceptor copolymer containing 9-alkylidene-9H-fluorene unit in the main chain, poly[9-(1-hexylheptylidene)-2,7-fluorene-alt-5, 5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-5,6-dialkoxy-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PAFDTBT), has been synthesized and evaluated in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs). The polymer possesses a low band gap of 1.84 eV, a low-lying HOMO energy level (5.32 eV), and excellent solubility in common organic solvents. PSCs based on PAFDTBT and (6,6)-phenyl-C(71)-butyric add methyl ester (PC(71)BM) demonstrate a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.2% with a high fill factor (FF) of 0.70, which indicates that 9-alkylidene-9H-fluorene can be a very useful building block for constructing narrow band gap conjugated polymers for high-efficiency BHJ PSCs.
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| 7. |
- Du, Chun-Xia, et al.
(author)
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Efficient 1.54 µm light emission from Si/SiGe/Si : Er
- 2001
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In: Materials Science & Engineering. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 81:1-3, s. 105-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)-type light emitting devices with Er3+ ions incorporated in the collector region have been fabricated using layered structures prepared by differential molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Intense light emission at 1.54 µm has been observed at room temperature by hot electron impact excitation at rather low injection current and applied voltage. Separate controls of the injection current and bias voltage make it possible to perform detailed electroluminescence (EL) studies that can not be done with conventional Si:Er light emitting diodes (LEDs). Saturation of the EL intensity occurs at very low current densities indicating a 100-fold increase of the effective excitation cross-section for Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O-HBTs compared with Si:Er-LEDs. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 8. |
- Du, Chun-Xia, et al.
(author)
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Electroluminescence studies of Er and SiO co-doped Si layers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy
- 2000
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In: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 14:3, s. 259-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Er/O co-doped Si light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been fabricated using layer structures prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Er/O doping was realized by sublimation of elemental Er and silicon monoxide simultaneously with Si during MBE growth. Intense Er-related electroluminescence (EL) at 1.54 mu m was observed at room temperature from p(+)-SiGe/i-SiGe-Si/Si:Er/n(+)-Si LEDs by electron impact excitation under reverse bias. It has been found that the EL intensity was increased with increasing growth temperature of the Si:Er/O layer in the range of 430-575 degrees C. The electrical pumping power dependence of EL intensity has been studied. An excitation cross section value of similar to 1 x 10(-16) cm(2) was estimated based on the experimental data and model fitting. The EL decay behavior under various injection and bias conditions has been studied by time-resolved EL measurements. The overall luminescence decay time is found to strongly depend on the injection parameters. Two types of de-excitation mechanisms due to Auger energy transfer to free carriers introduced by either dopant ionization or carrier injection have been discussed. Both Auger processes play an important role in reduction of the EL intensity when there is a high density of carriers with excited Er ions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Du, Chun-Xia, et al.
(author)
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Si/SiGe/Si : Er
- 2001
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 78:12, s. 1697-1699
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) type light-emitting devices with Er3+ ions incorporated in the collector region have been fabricated using a layered structure grown by differential molecular-beam epitaxy. Electroluminescence measurements on processed light-emitting HBTs can be performed in either constant driving current mode or constant applied bias mode, which is an important advantage over conventional Si:Er light-emitting diodes. Intense room-temperature light emission at the Er3+ characteristic wavelength of 1.54 µm has been observed at low driving current density, e.g., 0.1 A cm-2, and low applied bias, e.g., 3 V, across the collector and emitter. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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| 10. |
- Du, Chun-Xia, et al.
(author)
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Si/SiGe/Si : Er : O light-emitting transistors prepared by differential molecular-beam epitaxy
- 2001
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 78:12, s. 1697-1699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Si/SiGe/Si:Er:O heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) type light-emitting devices with Er3+ ions incorporated in the collector region have been fabricated using a layered structure grown by differential molecular-beam epitaxy. Electroluminescence measurements on processed light-emitting HBTs can be performed in either constant driving current mode or constant applied bias mode, which is an important advantage over conventional Si:Er light-emitting diodes. Intense room-temperature light emission at the Er3+ characteristic wavelength of 1.54 mum has been observed at low driving current density, e.g., 0.1 A cm(-2), and low applied bias, e.g., 3 V, across the collector and emitter. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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