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| 2. |
- Falkenberg, Laura J., et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and the ocean
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oceans and Human Health: Opportunities and Impacts. - 9780323952279 ; , s. 265-288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Earth's atmosphere is increasingly modified by human activities that are driving directional, sustained, and rapid global change. There will be a cascade of impacts on marine systems including sea level rise, storm events, ocean acidification, changes in salinity (primarily ocean freshening), and ocean warming and marine heatwaves. These global-scale changes will combine to impact human physical and mental health via changes to, for example, coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and resources (e.g., freshwater supplies, food security and safety, medical compounds); disease transmission via mosquito-borne diseases, naturalized organisms, fecal-oral pathways; extreme conditions such as rainfall, storm surges, and flooding; pollutants, including in the air; and human displacement and migration. The impact of these global changes will depend on the local climate, nonclimate environmental conditions, and socioeconomic contexts in which they manifest. Understanding these complexities is central to managing our ocean so that we ensure human health under a future climate.
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- Fitzer, Susan, et al.
(författare)
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Established and emerging techniques for characterising the formation, structure and performance of calcified structures under ocean acidification
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 57. - Boca Raton, FL, USA : CRC Press. - 0078-3218. - 9780367134150 ; , s. 89-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification (OA) is the decline in seawater pH and saturation levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals that has led to concerns for calcifying organisms such as corals, oysters and mussels because of the adverse effects of OA on their biomineralisation, shells and skeletons. A range of cellular biology, geochemistry and materials science approaches have been used to explore biomineralisation. These techniques have revealed that responses to seawater acidification can be highly variable among species, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unresolved. To assess the impacts of global OA, researchers will need to apply a range of tools developed across disciplines, many of which are emerging and have not yet been used in this context. This review outlines techniques that could be applied to study OA-induced alterations in the mechanisms of biomineralisation and their ultimate effects on shells and skeletons. We illustrate how to characterise, quantify and monitor the process of biomineralisation in the context of global climate change and OA. We highlight the basic principles, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of established, emerging and future techniques for OA researchers. A combination of these techniques will enable a holistic approach and better understanding of the potential impact of OA on biomineralisation and its consequences for marine calcifiers and associated ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Parey, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - 2397-334X. ; 8, s. 1505-1521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species within nearly all extant animal lineages are capable of regenerating body parts. However, it remains unclear whether the gene expression programme controlling regeneration is evolutionarily conserved. Brittle stars are a species-rich class of echinoderms with outstanding regenerative abilities, but investigations into the genetic bases of regeneration in this group have been hindered by the limited genomic resources. Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the brittle star Amphiura filiformis. We show that the brittle star genome is the most rearranged among echinoderms sequenced so far, featuring a reorganized Hox cluster reminiscent of the rearrangements observed in sea urchins. In addition, we performed an extensive profiling of gene expression during brittle star adult arm regeneration and identified sequential waves of gene expression governing wound healing, proliferation and differentiation. We conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses with other invertebrate and vertebrate models for appendage regeneration and uncovered hundreds of genes with conserved expression dynamics, particularly during the proliferative phase of regeneration. Our findings emphasize the crucial importance of echinoderms to detect long-range expression conservation between vertebrates and classical invertebrate regeneration model systems.
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| 5. |
- Sánchez-Rivera, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide mapping during dynamic gastric digestion of heated and unheated skimmed milk powder
- 2015
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate the impact of heat treatment on the hydrolysis kinetics of cow milk proteins and on the peptide release during in vitro dynamic gastric digestion. SDS-PAGE and ELISA techniques were employed to assess the hydrolysis of proteins over time of digestion. The evolution of the peptidome generated through dynamic digestion of heated and non-heated milk was studied at different times, using MS-based techniques (ion trap and MALDI-TOF/TOF) coupled to liquid chromatography. The peptide homology value between both samples at the end of digestion (48%) confirmed the impact of heat treatment on the identity of peptides generated during digestion, despite their identical initial protein content and being the same matrix in both cases. Heat treatment produced an increased resistance to hydrolysis by pepsin in the casein fraction. However, β-lactoglobulin was found to be more susceptible to hydrolysis. Although differences on the pattern of peptide release were found between both samples, also some common traits after digestion were observed. The regions comprised between the residues 76-93 of β-casein, where several binding epitopes are included, as well as the β-casein domains 126-140 and 190-209 were found to be resistant to pepsin.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Guangxia, et al.
(författare)
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Specific fibroblast subpopulations and neuronal structures provide local sources of Vegfc-processing components during zebrafish lymphangiogenesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteolytical processing of the growth factor VEGFC through the concerted activity of CCBE1 and ADAMTS3 is required for lymphatic development to occur. How these factors act together in time and space, and which cell types produce these factors is not understood. Here we assess the function of Adamts3 and the related protease Adamts14 during zebrafish lymphangiogenesis and show both proteins to be able to process Vegfc. Only the simultaneous loss of both protein functions results in lymphatic defects identical to vegfc loss-of-function situations. Cell transplantation experiments demonstrate neuronal structures and/or fibroblasts to constitute cellular sources not only for both proteases but also for Ccbe1 and Vegfc. We further show that this locally restricted Vegfc maturation is needed to trigger normal lymphatic sprouting and directional migration. Our data provide a single-cell resolution model for establishing secretion and processing hubs for Vegfc during developmental lymphangiogenesis.
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