| 1. |
- Ahlström, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
A Survey of the Role of Thermodynamics and Transport Properties in ChE University Education in Europe and the USA
- 2010
-
In: Chemical Engineering Education. - : Chemical Engineering Department, University of Florida. - 0009-2479. ; 44:1, s. 35-43
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thermodynamics and Transport Properties (TTP) is a central subject in the majority of chemical engineering curricula worldwide and it is thus of interest to know how it is taught today in various countries if chemical engineering education is to be improved. A survey of graduate thermodynamics education in the USA was performed a few years ago by Visco et al. [1] but as far as we know no systematic study of the undergraduate thermodynamics education has been performed, at least in recent years. In the present study, a survey about TTP education in Europe and the USA is presented. Results were obtained from nearly twenty different European countries and the USA and in total answers from about 150 universities were used for this study. The study is performed under the auspices of the Working Party of Thermodynamics and Transport Properties of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. The survey was performed using a web based surveying system for which invitations were sent out to the universities by local representatives who were responsible for one or more countries each. Of the universities that answered more than 70 % offer BSc education 65 % offer MSc education and 55 % offer PhD education. Most universities offer at least two courses of thermodynamics. The following discussion is mainly based on the first two (undergraduate) courses reported. Half of these are taught to chemical engineers exclusively whereas the rest are taught with other branches of engineering, mainly mechanical and / or process engineering. In general two sets of course lengths were observed, corresponding either to a full semester of full time studies or to quarter of a semester. Most courses are centered around lectures and exercise classes with little or no laboratory work whereas home assignments are given in the vast majority (70-80 %) of the courses. The first course is mainly centered around the first and second law of thermodynamics whereas the second course is frequently more concentrated on phase equilibria. Both of these courses are mainly comprising of classical thermodynamics whereas the molecular interpretation often is touched upon. An analysis of the differences between thermodynamics education in Europe and the USA in presently being undertaken and results from this will also be presented. An investigation of the use of thermodynamics within industry is also on-going within the Working Party and results will be reported in the near future. [1] S.K.Dube, D.P. Visco, Chem. Eng. Ed., 2005, 258-263.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Brown, Solomon, et al.
(author)
-
CO(2)QUEST : Techno-economic assessment of CO2 quality effect on its storage and transport
- 2014
-
In: 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 2622-2629
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presented is an overview of the CO(2)QUEST project that addresses fundamentally important issues regarding the impact of typical impurities in the gas or dense phase CO2 stream captured from fossil fuel power plants on its safe and economic transportation and storage. Previous studies have mainly investigated the impact of CO2 stream impurities on each part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain in isolation. This is a significant drawback given the different sensitivities of pipeline, wellbore materials and storage sites to the various impurities. The project brings together leading researchers and stakeholders, to address the impact of the typical impurities upon safe and economic CO2 transportation and storage. State-of-the-art mathematical models, backed by laboratory and industrial-scale experimentation, are implemented to perform a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of the impact of impurities upon the thermo-physical phenomena governing pipeline and storage-site integrities.
|
|
| 4. |
- Economou, Christos, et al.
(author)
-
Ancient-DNA reveals an Asian type of Mycobacterium leprae in medieval Scandinavia
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 40:1, s. 465-470
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leprosy is a chronic infection of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium leprae. Its impact on human populations and societies of the past as well as its phylogeographic patterns around the world – at least in modern times – has been well documented. This slow growing bacterium has been shown to exist in distinct ‘SNP types’ that occur in relatively defined parts of the globe. The routes that the disease followed in the past are, however, still uncertain. This study of ancient-DNA typing of archaeological human remains from Sweden dated to early Medieval times provides genetic evidence that a transmission of M. leprae ‘SNP subtype’ 2G – found mainly in Asia – took or had already taken place at that time from the Middle East to Scandinavia. This finding is unique in the history of leprosy in Europe. All human specimens from this continent – both modern and ancient – that have been tested to date showed that the one responsible for the infection strains of M. leprae belong to ‘SNP type’ 3, whereas our results show that there were some European populations that were hosts to bacteria representing ‘SNP type’ 2 of the species as well.
|
|
| 5. |
- Porter, Richard T. J., et al.
(author)
-
Techno-economic assessment of CO2 quality effect on its storage and transport : CO(2)QUEST An overview of aims, objectives and main findings
- 2016
-
In: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 54, s. 662-681
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives and the main findings of the CO(2)QUEST FP7 collaborative project, funded by the European Commission and designed to address the fundamentally important and urgent issues regarding the impact of the typical impurities in CO2 streams captured from fossil fuel power plants and other CO2 intensive industries on their safe and economic pipeline transportation and storage. The main features and results recorded from some of the unique test facilities constructed as part of the project are presented. These include an extensively instrumented realistic-scale test pipeline for conducting pipeline rupture and dispersion tests in China, an injection test facility in France to study the mobility of trace metallic elements contained in a CO2 stream following injection near a shallow-water qualifier and fluid/rock interactions and well integrity experiments conducted using a fully instrumented deep-well CO2/impurities injection test facility in Israel. The above, along with the various unique mathematical models developed, provide the fundamentally important tools needed to define impurity tolerance levels, mixing protocols and control measures for pipeline networks and storage infrastructure, thus contributing to the development of relevant standards for the safe design and economic operation of CCS.
|
|
| 6. |
- Varkitzi, Ioanna, et al.
(author)
-
Unbalanced N:P ratios and nutrient stress controlling growth and toxin production of the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge
- 2010
-
In: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883 .- 1878-1470. ; 9:3, s. 304-311
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The responses of the benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima to nutrient stress induced by unbalanced N:P ratios were the subject of this study. Batch cultures of P. lima cells were grown under NP sufficient (N as nitrate and ammonium) and deficient conditions, and the cell growth and toxicity were followed for eight weeks. P. lima grew slowly in all nutrient conditions and net growth rates ranged from 0.11 to 0.22 divisions day(-1). Phosphorus (P) was taken up with high uptake rates in all treatments until the end of exponential phase and reached limitation in the P deficient cultures. Nitrogen (N) did not reach limitation in any treatment. In the cultures with nitrate as exclusive N source, uptake rates of nitrate remained high after the exponential phase, suggesting that P. lima cells continued to accumulate N under surplus N availability. Nitrate was slowly consumed and therefore maintained cell growth, as documented by a prolonged exponential phase and an algal biomass increasing at low rates still after seven weeks of incubation. In the cultures with ammonium as exclusive N source, ammonium was taken up with the highest N uptake rates until the end of exponential phase. However, high initial concentrations of ammonium proved to be toxic to P. lima cells, demonstrating growth inhibition with the lowest algal biomass and okadaic acid (OA) production among treatments. The OA production increased after the exponential phase in all nutrient conditions when cell growth slowed down, suggesting that OA production was regulated by growth limitation. The highest OA cellular content (11.27 +/- 3.30 pg OA cell(-1)) was found in the P deficient cultures, where P decreased to limitation after the exponential phase (P < 0.1 mu M). We argue that the severely low P concentrations slowed down the growth rate so as to allow for a higher accumulation of OA in the P. lima cells that continued to produce OA at the same rate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
