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Search: WFRF:(Eichberger Arno)

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1.
  • Boström, Ola, 1963, et al. (author)
  • Prediction of neck injuries in rear impacts based on accident data and simulations
  • 1997
  • In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF IMPACT. ; , s. 251-264
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Whiplash associated disorders, occurring in car accidents, are an increasing problem worldwide. According to real-life data from police records, the struck car's velocity change (delta V) and occupant gender are two of the most important factors related to Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1 neck injuries. In this study, a new rear-impact ranking of cars based on 4432 police reported accidents is presented. The ranking concerns the relative neck injury risk and compensates for the influences of car weight and gender. Moreover, some important factors influencing the risk of AIS 1 neck injury are proposed. These include: the stiffness, damping and yielding characteristics of the seat back, the muscle response of the occupant, and the delta V of the struck car and acceleration pulse. Using a mathematical model it is shown that the influence from these factors can be explained by a recently proposed neck injury criterion (NIC). This criterion is based on the neck motion at the passage of full neck retraction. The NIC, based on a number of volunteer tests, is analysed and validated. The consequence of injury outcome of an observed overall seat back stiffening is also discussed. In conclusion, for delta V below 20 km/h, real-life data show that the geometry of the head restraint is of minor importance. A seat back with low yielding limit or soft performance may be preferable. Moreover, the new NIC seems to be a good predictor of real-life neck injuries.
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2.
  • Eichberger, Arno, et al. (author)
  • EVALUATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE NECK INJURY CRITERION (NIC) IN REAR END IMPACTS ON THE BASIS OF HUMAN SUBJECT TESTS
  • 1998
  • In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF IMPACT. ; , s. 321-233
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The purpose of this investigation is to apply the neck injury criterion (NIC) Criterion to data measured in human subject tests. 70 volunteer tests and 28 cadaver tests were analyzed in order to investigate the movement of the human spine. The NIC was calculated for all these tests and compared to other data that could be of interest for neck injuries (for instance angular acceleration of the head). It is concluded that the NIC in conjunction with other parameters is a useful indicator for the prediction of neck injuries following rear end impacts.
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3.
  • Eichberger, Arno, et al. (author)
  • Pressure measurements in the spinal canal of post-mortem human subjects during rear-end impact and correlation of results to the neck injury criterion.
  • 2000
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. ; 32:2, s. 251-60
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this study is to validate the pressure effect theory on human beings during a realistic rear-end impact and to correlate the neck injury criterion to pressure in the spinal canal. Sled experiments were performed using a test setup similar to real rear-end collisions. Test conditions were chosen based on accident statistics and recordings of real accidents. In particular, velocity change and acceleration level were reproduced similar to actual collisions. The head restraint as well as the seat back were adjusted to different positions. Two small pressure transducer were implemented to the spinal canal of postmortem human subjects and pressure measurement similar to the pig experiments (using exactly the same equipment) were performed. A total set of 21 experiments with four different subjects were performed. The subjects were additionally instrumented with triaxial accelerometers that allowed for calculation of the NIC criterion. Results showed that NIC and pressure amplitudes of the CSF correlate well and therefore NIC seems to be able to predict these amplitudes also for human beings. Conclusions whether these pressure effects induce soft tissue neck injuries or not could not be drawn and should be investigated in further research.
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