| 1. |
- Andreasson, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
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HbA1c levels in children with type 1 diabetes and correlation to diabetic retinopathy
- 2018
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In: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-018X .- 2191-0251. ; 31:4, s. 369-374
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a metabolic disease causing hyperglycemia due to β-cell destruction. Despite adequate treatment, complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) are common. The first aim was to investigate if acute onset of type 1 diabetes differed between those who had developed retinopathy and who had not after 15 years from diagnosis. The second aim was to investigate if mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels affect the time to development of DR. The medical records of all children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1993-2001 in our area in Sweden were studied retrospectively and the mean HbA1c each year until the development of retinopathy was investigated. In total 72 patients were included and the follow-up time was between 15 and 23 years. Gender, p-glucose, age and HbA1c at diagnosis were analyzed for possible correlations to years to retinopathy. HbA1c was significantly higher among those who had developed DR after 15 years from diagnosis, 98±9.2 (n=25) vs. 86±9.2 (n=46; p=0.025). A negative correlation was found between age at diagnosis and years to DR (rs=-0.376; p=0.026). Mean HbA1c levels at years 6-10 after diabetes diagnosis correlated significantly (rs=-0.354, p=0.037) to years until retinopathy. Mean HbA1c levels at years 1-15 after diabetes diagnosis were significantly higher at years 2-3 and years 5-8 for those who had developed retinopathy after 15 years from diagnosis. Higher HbA1c levels shortened the time to development of retinopathy. It is therefore important to keep HbA1c as close to normal as possible.
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| 2. |
- Davis, Louise, Dr, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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The role of quality relationships and communication strategies for the fulfilment of secure and insecure athletes' basic psychological needs
- 2023
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In: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 40:21, s. 2424-2436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The correlates of coach-athlete relationship quality have been the focus of research for over a decade; however, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study conducted a moderated mediation analysis to examine (a) the mediating role of communication strategies (via COMPASS) on the association between the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athlete psychological needs satisfaction and (b) whether individual differences in athletes' attachment style (secure, anxious, avoidant) moderates the mediational relationship. 350 Swedish athletes representing a range of sports and competition levels completed a multi-section questionnaire. Mediation and moderation analysis partially found that coach-athlete relationship quality and athletes basic psychological needs were associated via the COMPASS strategies of support, motivation, assurance and openness. It was also found that athletes secure attachment with their coach significantly moderated the mediated effects of motivation and support. These findings highlight the practical utility of motivation, support, openness and assurance strategies in enhancing the quality of the coach-athlete relationship. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that the attachment orientation of athletes towards their coaches play a significant role in determining what communication strategies to use to enhance both the relationship quality and an athlete's competence, autonomy and relatedness.
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| 3. |
- Ekelund, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
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Interventions for improving mental health in athletes : a scoping review
- 2023
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In: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - Oxon : Routledge. - 1750-984X .- 1750-9858.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of this scoping review were to map the current literature on interventions for improving mental health in athletes, identify knowledge gaps, and generate future research questions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guided this review. A systematic literature search was conducted in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS and 44 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that 22 studies (50%) implemented cognitive behavioural principles, and the majority of these studies were influenced by various mindfulness programmes. Most studies (93%) included healthy athlete samples, and athletes aged 15–19 were the most examined age group (43%). Only three studies used clinical criteria in their sampling of participants and mediators were examined in two studies. The scarcity of studies examining mediators and subclinical or clinical samples revealed critical knowledge gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the critical appraisal showed that regardless of study design, most studies demonstrated low internal validity. We propose the use of high-quality single-case studies with athletes who experience subclinical or clinical mental health issues, and further investigation of mechanisms of change linking intervention components to outcomes of interest.
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| 4. |
- Ekelund, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
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Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies?
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, athletes’ mental health has gained interest among researchers, sport practitioners, and the media. However, the field of sport psychology lacks empirical evidence on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Thus far, intervention research in sport psychology has mainly focused on performance enhancement using between-subject designs and healthy athlete samples. In the current paper, we highlight three interrelated key issues in relation to treating mental health problems and disorders in athletes. (i) How are mental health and mental health problems and disorders defined in the sport psychology literature? (ii) How are prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders in athletes determined? (iii) What is known about psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes? We conclude that the reliance on different definitions and assessments of mental health problems and disorders contributes to heterogeneous prevalence rates. In turn, this limits our understanding of the extent of mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Furthermore, knowledge of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for athletes with mental health problems and disorders is scarce. Future research should include athletes with established mental health problems and disorders in intervention studies. We also propose an increased use of N-of-1 trials to enhance the knowledge of effective psychotherapeutic interventions in this population.
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| 5. |
- Zabala, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Glycemic control and outcome after carotid intervention in patients with T2D : A Swedish nationwide cohort study
- 2023
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In: Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research. - 1752-8984 .- 1479-1641. ; 20:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the association between glycemic control and outcome in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after carotid intervention due to carotid stenosis.METHODS: Observational nationwide population-based cohort study using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) and Cox regressions with covariates, that is, 4 stepwise models, investigating the relationship between terciles of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and stroke or death.RESULTS: 1115 subjects with T2D undergoing carotid intervention were included during Jan 1st 2009 to Dec 31st 2015. Divided into terciles, with a mean HbA1c level of 44 (tercile 1), 53 (tercile 2), and 72 (tercile 3) mmol/mol. By using IPTW and Cox regression, each model was stepwise introduced for the investigating of relative risks, that is, hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). There was a significant increased risk for stroke or death, in every model observed for tercile 3, compared to tercile 1: HR for model 4: 1.35 (95% CI 1.02-1.78). No difference for stroke or death within 30 days was observed between the groups.CONCLUSION: Poor glycemic control in people with T2D after carotid intervention is associated with an increased long-term risk for stroke or death.
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