| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Anna K, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Friktions- och texturutveckling på nya beläggningar
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En ny vägyta bör vara och upplevas som säker av trafikanterna oavsett vilket väglag som råder. Det är därför viktigt att vägbanan har en tillfredställande nivå på friktion redan när vägen öppnas. Det finns begränsade dokumenterade kunskaper hur vägen förändras den första tiden efter en beläggningsåtgärd.Syftet med detta projekt är att fastställa hur friktionen förändras under den första tiden efter att vägbeläggningen är lagd och trafikpåsläpp sker. Ambitionen är att kunna avgöra om nylagda vägavsnitt har nedsatt friktion och ge rekommendationer för när en friktionsmätning ska utföras och hur skyltning ska ske i anslutning till beläggningsarbeten. Upplägget har varit att följa olika objekt med täta friktions- och texturmätningar från strax innan trafikpåsläpp tills nivåerna har stabiliserats.Initialt är friktionen hög för att sen avta med mängden trafik. Efter 1–3 veckor nåddes det lägsta värdet och därefter ökade eller stabiliserades friktionen. Gemensamt för alla undersökta sträckor var att det sker stora förändringar i texturnivåerna från att det första fordonet trafikerar vägen och därefter är den starkaste tendensen en sjunkande texturnivå tills en stabil nivå uppnås efter 1–3 veckor.
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| 2. |
- Bzhalava, Davit, et al.
(author)
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Deep sequencing extends the diversity of human papillomaviruses in human skin.
- 2014
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4:Jul 24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most viruses in human skin are known to be human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Previous sequencing of skin samples has identified 273 different cutaneous HPV types, including 47 previously unknown types. In the present study, we wished to extend prior studies using deeper sequencing. This deeper sequencing without prior PCR of a pool of 142 whole genome amplified skin lesions identified 23 known HPV types, 3 novel putative HPV types and 4 non-HPV viruses. The complete sequence was obtained for one of the known putative types and almost the complete sequence was obtained for one of the novel putative types. In addition, sequencing of amplimers from HPV consensus PCR of 326 skin lesions detected 385 different HPV types, including 226 previously unknown putative types. In conclusion, metagenomic deep sequencing of human skin samples identified no less than 396 different HPV types in human skin, out of which 229 putative HPV types were previously unknown.
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| 3. |
- Campos Pacheco, Jesús Enrique, et al.
(author)
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Inhalable porous particles as dual micro-nano carriers demonstrating efficient lung drug delivery for treatment of tuberculosis
- 2024
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In: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 369, s. 231-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inhalation therapy treating severe infectious disease is among the more complex and emerging topics in controlled drug release. Micron-sized carriers are needed to deposit drugs into the lower airways, while nano-sized carriers are of preference for cell targeting. Here, we present a novel and versatile strategy using micron-sized spherical particles with an excellent aerodynamic profile that dissolve in the lung fluid to ultimately generate nanoparticles enabling to enhance both extra- and intra-cellular drug delivery (i.e., dual micro-nano inhalation strategy). The spherical particles are synthesised through the condensation of nano-sized amorphous silicon dioxide resulting in high surface area, disordered mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) with monodispersed size of 2.43 μm. Clofazimine (CLZ), a drug shown to be effective against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, was encapsulated in the MSPs obtaining a dry powder formulation with high respirable fraction (F.P.F. <5 μm of 50%) without the need of additional excipients. DSC, XRPD, and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption indicate that the drug was fully amorphous when confined in the nano-sized pores (9–10 nm) of the MSPs (shelf-life of 20 months at 4 °C). Once deposited in the lung, the CLZ-MSPs exhibited a dual action. Firstly, the nanoconfinement within the MSPs enabled a drastic dissolution enhancement of CLZ in simulated lung fluid (i.e., 16-fold higher than the free drug), increasing mycobacterial killing than CLZ alone (p = 0.0262) and reaching concentrations above the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against biofilms of M. tuberculosis (i.e., targeting extracellular bacteria). The released CLZ permeated but was highly retained in a Calu-3 respiratory epithelium model, suggesting a high local drug concentration within the lung tissue minimizing risk for systemic side effects. Secondly, the micron-sized drug carriers spontaneously dissolve in simulated lung fluid into nano-sized drug carriers (shown by Nano-FTIR), delivering high CLZ cargo inside macrophages and drastically decreasing the mycobacterial burden inside macrophages (i.e., targeting intracellular bacteria). Safety studies showed neither measurable toxicity on macrophages nor Calu-3 cells, nor impaired epithelial integrity. The dissolved MSPs also did not show haemolytic effect on human erythrocytes. In a nutshell, this study presents a low-cost, stable and non-invasive dried powder formulation based on a dual micro-nano carrier to efficiently deliver drug to the lungs overcoming technological and practical challenges for global healthcare.
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| 4. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, et al.
(author)
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Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Nanomedicine. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role inthe osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenicdifferentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 5. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
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In: International journal of nanomedicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role in the osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Camilla, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Fatally injured cyclists in Sweden 2005–2015 : analysis of accident circumstances, injuries and suggestions for safety improvements
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cycling is part of the sustainable transport system and plans are in place to increase this part of the transport system in Sweden, Europe as well as globally. Improving the safety for this group of roadusers is of great importance. The aim of this study was to identify patterns among fatally injured cyclists in Sweden, in order to suggest general safety improvements or improvements addressing different groups of cyclists as well as specific traffic conditions.The information was sourced from the in-depth study database of fatalities as well as the joint register for police and hospital injury and accident data, STRADA, in Sweden. Data was analysed and interpreted for an 11 year period from 2005–2015. The in-depth study of the fatalities provided details about the accidents and individuals involved in the accident and the information was retrieved by parameter values, in free text description and documents in the database. STRADA was used to sort official data within the in-depth study, assigning codes for accident type, complementing parameters and additional parameters.A total of 271 fatalities were identified and analysed where the majority of the accidents occurred during spring–autumn. Male fatalities accounted for two-thirds of the studied cases and in ages above 40, male fatalities are twice as many as female fatalities. Fatalities in Motor vehicle accidents are distributed in all age groups, while in the Single bike and Other bike category, there were no children and only a few young adults reported.
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Camilla, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Förekomst av alkohol och droger hos förare av lastbil och buss som varit inblandade i dödsolyckor och olyckor med svåra personskador
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien är att förbättra kunskapen om alkohol-, drog- och läkemedelsförekomst hos förare av lastbil och buss som är inblandade i dödsolyckor eller olyckor med svåra personskador. Studien baseras på material från två olika databaser; Trafikverkets djupstudiedatabas och olycksdatabasen Strada. Kartläggning av substanser och bakgrundsvariabler hos påverkade förare presenteras. Studien är baserad på olyckor som inträffat under tidsperioden 2008–2015. Totalt inkluderar studien 614 dödsolyckor från djupstudiedatabasen och 3 381 olyckor med svåra personskador och omkomna från Strada.Resultat från Trafikverkets djupstudiedatabas som avser omkomna förare av lastbil och buss, visar att alkohol förekom hos 15 procent, illegala droger hos 6 procent och narkotikaklassade läkemedel hos 9 procent av förarna. Jämfört med personbilsförare är förekomsten lägre när det gäller alkohol medan förekomsten av illegala droger och narkotiska läkemedel ligger på ungefär samma nivåer. Om man studerar alla förare av lastbil och buss som varit inblandade i en dödsolycka, och inte endast de som omkommit, är förekomsten betydligt lägre. Bland dessa förekom alkohol hos cirka 2 procent av förarna, och illegala droger och narkotikaklassade läkemedel förekom hos cirka 1 procent vardera. Det finns också skillnader mellan fordonstyper. Bland förare av lätta lastbilar har man kunnat påvisa förekomst av alkohol och/eller illegala droger hos 16 av 156 förare (10 %). Detta kan jämföras med 4 av 369 (1 %) förare av tunga lastbilar och 0 av 96 (0 %) bussförare.
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Jens-Ola, et al.
(author)
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Replication of Ljungan virus in cell culture : the genomic 5'-end, infectious cDNA clones and host cell response to viral infections
- 2007
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In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 130:1-2, s. 129-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ljungan virus (LV) is a picornavirus recently isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). The previously uncharacterised 5'-end sequence of the LV genome was determined. Infectious cDNA clones were constructed of the wild type LV prototype strain 87-012 and of the cytolytically replicating cell culture adapted variant 87-012G. Virus generated from cDNA clones showed identical growth characteristics as uncloned virus stocks. Cell culture adapted LV, 87-012G, showed a clear cytopathic effect (CPE) at 3-4 days post-infection (p.i.). Virus titers, determined by plaque titration, increased however only within the first 18h p.i. Replication of LV (+) strand RNA was determined by real-time PCR and corresponded in time with increasing titers. In contrast, the amounts of the replication intermediate, the (-) strand, continued to increase until the cells showed CPE. This indicates separate controlling mechanisms for replication of LV (+) and (-) genome strands. Replication was also monitored by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. IF staining of both prototype 87-012 and the CPE causing 87-012G showed groups of 5-25 infected cells at 48h p.i., suggesting a, for picornaviruses, not previously described direct cell-to-cell transmission.
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| 10. |
- Englund Johansson, Ulrica, et al.
(author)
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Human neural progenitor cells promote photoreceptor survival in retinal explants
- 2010
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In: Experimental Eye Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 90:2, s. 292-299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different types of progenitor and stem cells have been shown to provide neuroprotection in animal models of photoreceptor degeneration. The present study was conducted to investigate whether human neural progenitor cells (HNPCs) have neuroprotective properties on retinal explants models with calpain- and caspase-3-dependent photoreceptor cell death. In the first experiments, HNPCs in a feeder layer were co-cultured for 6 days either with postnatal rd1 mouse or normal rat retinas. Retinal histological sections were used to determine outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, and to detect the number of photoreceptors with labeling for calpain activity, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL The ONL thickness of co-cultured rat and rd1 retinas was found to be almost 10% and 40% thicker, respectively, compared to controls. Cell counts of calpain activity, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL labeled photoreceptors in both models revealed a 30-50% decrease when co-cultured with HNPCs. The results represent significant increases of photoreceptor survival in the co-cultured retinas. In the second experiments, for an identification of putative survival factors, or a combination of them, a growth factor profile was performed on conditioned medium. The relative levels of various growth factors were analyzed by densitometric measurements of growth factor array membranes. Following growth factors were identified as most potential survival factors: granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), insulin-like growth factor 11 (IGF-II), neurotrophic factor 3 (NT-3), placental growth factor (PIGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-D). HNPCs protect both against calpain- and caspase-3-dependent photoreceptor cell death in the rd1 mouse and against caspase-3-dependent photoreceptor cell death in normal rat retinas in vitro. The protective effect is possibly achieved by a variety of growth factors secreted from the HNPCs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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