| 1. |
- Gaget, Elie, et al.
(author)
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Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming
- 2021
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 35:3, s. 834-845
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.
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| 2. |
- Gaget, Elie, et al.
(author)
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Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming
- 2022
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 36:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds.
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| 3. |
- Neto, Julio, et al.
(author)
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Autumn migration of Savi's Warblers Locustella luscinioides in Portugal: differences in timing, fuel deposition rate and non-stop flight range between the age classes
- 2008
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In: Bird Study. - 0006-3657. ; 55:1, s. 78-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Capsule The autumn migration strategy of Portuguese Savi's Warblers differs between age classes in timing, fuel deposition rate and flight range. Aims To describe the autumn migration strategy of Savi's Warblers, and compare the age classes. Methods Data from 533 first captures and 149 retraps, held by the Portuguese Ringing Centre, were analysed, and potential non-stop flight ranges were estimated. Results Juveniles started migrating in early August whereas adults departed at the end of August and both vacated the breeding quarters in early October. In contrast to juveniles, adults showed a marked increase in mass and fat from the end of August and had a significantly greater fuel deposition rate. Accordingly, in adults, the average potential still-air flight range increased dramatically from 600 km in August to 1500 km in September, whereas in juveniles it remained approximately the same (about 150 km). The fattest adults had an average flight range of 2750 km, and so were able, theoretically, to reach the winter quarters without refuelling. Conclusions The autumn migration strategy of Portuguese Savi's Warblers differs between age-classes in timing, fuel deposition rate and flight range. Adult Savi's Warblers are time-selected migrants in autumn. The early departure of juveniles with smaller fuel stores is consistent with their lower fuel deposition rates, as expected under time-minimizing migration models, as is the fuel-overloading and bypassing of potential staging sites seen in adults. However, energy-selected migration cannot be excluded as a possible explanation for the juvenile migration pattern, as these birds left the breeding quarters with only enough fuel to reach the next staging site.
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| 4. |
- Neto, Julio, et al.
(author)
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Distribution, phenology and condition of Aquatic Warblers Acrocephalus paludicola migrating through Portugal.
- 2010
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In: Ardeola. - 0570-7358. ; 57:1, s. 181-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that the low number of aquatic warblers Acrocephalus paludicola ringed in Portugal is explained by the low ringing effort, and that Portugal is an important country for its migration. Most of the seven sites where the species was detected are recognized for their biological importance and protected. There seemed to be a decline in the number of birds caught, particularly of juveniles, which might be associated with a decline in breeding success. All aquatic warblers were captured in August and September, showing a peak at the end of August, and adults migrated significantly earlier than juveniles. Both age classes significantly increased in body condition during the season. The potential non-stop flight range varied substantially between individuals: some birds would be able to migrate to the wintering quarters without refueling, but the low flight range of many individuals suggests that some fueling takes place in Portugal.
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| 5. |
- Pavón-Jordán, Diego, et al.
(author)
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Habitat- and species-mediated short- and long-term distributional changes in waterbird abundance linked to variation in European winter weather
- 2019
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In: Diversity and Distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516. ; 25:2, s. 225-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Many species are showing distribution shifts in response to environmental change. We explored (a) the effects of inter-annual variation in winter weather conditions on non-breeding distributional abundance of waterbirds exploiting different habitats (deep-water, shallow water, farmland) and (b) the long-term shift in the population centroid of these species and investigate its link to changes in weather conditions. Location: Europe. Methods: We fitted generalized additive mixed Models to a large-scale, 24-year dataset (1990–2013) describing the winter distributional abundance of 25 waterbird species. We calculated the annual and long-term (3-year periods) population centroid of each species and used the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index to explain the inter-annual and long-term shifts in their location. Results: (a) Year-to-year southwestwards shifts in the population centroids of deep- and shallow-water species were linked to negative NAO values. Shallow-water species shifted northeastwards associated with positive NAO values and the distance shifted increased with increasing NAO. Deep-water species shifted northeastwards up to zero NAO indices, but showed no further increase at higher NAO values. (b) Deep-water species showed long-term northeastwards shifts in distributional abundance throughout the 1990s and the 2000s. Shallow-water species, on the other hand, shifted northeastwards during the 1990s and early 2000s, but southwestwards thereafter. There were no significant links between the NAO and year-to-year movements or long-term shifts in farmland species’ population centroid. Main Conclusions: We provide evidence for a link between both year-to-year and long-term changes in waterbird winter distributional abundances at large geographical scales to short- and long-term changes in winter weather conditions. We also show that species using shallow water, deep-water and farmland habitats responded differently, especially at high NAO values. As well as important ecological implications, these findings contribute to the development of future conservation measures for these species under current and future climate change.
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