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- Aarnio, Mikko, et al.
(author)
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Visualization of painful inflammation in patients with pain after traumatic ankle sprain using [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT.
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 17:1, s. 418-424
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Positron emission tomography (PET) with the radioligand [(11)C]-D-deprenyl has shown increased signal at location of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic whiplash injury. The binding site of [(11)C]-D-deprenyl in peripheral tissues is suggested to be mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in cells engaged in post-traumatic inflammation and tissue repair processes. The association between [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake and the transition from acute to chronic pain remain unknown. Further imaging studies of musculoskeletal pain at the molecular level would benefit from establishing a clinical model in a common and well-defined injury in otherwise healthy and drug-naïve subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate if [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake would be acutely elevated in unilateral ankle sprain and if tracer uptake would be reduced as a function of healing, and correlated with pain localizations and pain experience.METHODS: Eight otherwise healthy patients with unilateral ankle sprain were recruited at the emergency department. All underwent [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT in the acute phase, at one month and 6-14 months after injury.RESULTS: Acute [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake at the injury site was a factor of 10.7 (range 2.9-37.3) higher than the intact ankle. During healing, [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake decreased, but did not normalize until after 11 months. Patients experiencing persistent pain had prolonged [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake in painful locations.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The data provide further support that [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET can visualize, quantify and follow processes in peripheral tissue that may relate to soft tissue injuries, inflammation and associated nociceptive signaling. Such an objective correlate would represent a progress in pain research, as well as in clinical pain diagnostics and management.
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| 3. |
- Bergstedt Oscarsson, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Human Puumala hantavirus infection in northern Sweden : increased seroprevalence and association to risk and health factors
- 2016
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In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rodent borne Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in central and northern Europe. The number of cases has increased and northern Sweden has experienced large outbreaks in 1998 and 2006-2007 which raised questions regarding the level of immunity in the human population.METHODS: A randomly selected population aged between 25 and 74 years from northern Sweden were invited during 2009 to participate in a WHO project for monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease. Health and risk factors were evaluated and sera from 1,600 participants were available for analysis for specific PUUV IgG antibodies using a recombinant PUUV nucleocapsid protein ELISA.RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence in the investigated population was 13.4 %, which is a 50 % increase compared to a similar study only two decades previously. The prevalence of PUUV IgG increased with age, and among 65-75 years it was 22 %. More men (15.3 %) than women (11.4 %) were seropositive (p < 0.05). The identified risk factors were smoking (OR = 1.67), living in rural areas (OR = 1.92), and owning farmland or forest (OR = 2.44). No associations were found between previous PUUV exposure and chronic lung disease, diabetes, hypertension, renal dysfunction, stroke or myocardial infarction.CONCLUSIONS: PUUV is a common infection in northern Sweden and there is a high life time risk to acquire PUUV infection in endemic areas. Certain risk factors as living in rural areas and smoking were identified. Groups with increased risk should be targeted for future vaccination when available, and should also be informed about appropriate protection from rodent secreta.
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| 5. |
- Davydova, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
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Thio-olivine Mn2SiS4 thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering : Structural and optical properties with insights from first principles calculations
- 2018
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In: Materials & design. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 152, s. 110-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thio-olivines such as (Fe,Mn)(2)(Si,Ge)S-4 have been proposed as candidate earth-abundant materials for single and multi-junction solar cells. In this work we present the first investigation of Mn2SiS4 thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering deposition, using a composition grading approach. Precursor instability in ambient conditions is observed, revealing the oxidation/hydrolysis of Si-S bonds from the as-deposited film as a blocking mechanism for the ternary compound formation. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the annealed Mn2SiS4 films are reported for the first time. Resulting Mn2SiS4 films have orthorhombic Pnma structure and are polycrystalline. Raman active modes at 325 nm excitation are observed at 262, 320, 400 and 464 cm(-1). From room temperature photoluminescence at 532 nm excitation the band gap is estimated to be about 1.9 eV, but a high optical absorption coefficient of > 10(4) cm(-1) was only obtained at E > 2.8 eV.First principles calculations are used for better understanding of opto-electronic properties. From the calculations, Mn2SiS4 is suggested to have a band gap of about 1.73-1.86 eV depending on the magnetic configuration of Mn and slight indirect nature. The slow absorption onset is interpreted by strong anisotropy due to one of the components of the dielectric function.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Clas, 1961-
(author)
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A Knife-Edge Property of Some Pollution-and-Growth Models
- 2008
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In some recent economic growth models there can be decreasing pollution along with increasing per capita income, if the rate of improvement in the environmenta ltechnology is sufficiently high. A central function describes how gross pollution and environmental technology interact to determine net pollution, which in the previous works has a log-linear form. This letter provides an example in which this function is generalized to a CES type. The result is that the environmental technology factor in the long run may be either implausibly potent or almost ineffective in transforming a high gross pollution to a low net pollution if the function deviates from the log-linearcase.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Clas, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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A partial-equilibrium model of the electricity market
- 2021
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a model of the electricity market which has a simple connection to the rest of the economy, due to a quasi-linear utility function.A key stochastic parameter shifts electricity demand between points of time.The correlation between these demand shifts and the variation of supply from variable renewable electricity (VRE) sources is crucial for the equilibrium price of electricity.Based on these equilibria we compute the value factors of VREs, as well as producer and consumer surpluses.An outcome of the model analysis is that value factors of VREs decrease as their penetration gets higher, which is also commonly found empirically, but only up to a point.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Clas, et al.
(author)
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Democracy, income and pollution
- 2013
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In: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - Japan : Springer. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 15:3, s. 291-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Empirical evidence suggests that increased democracy reduces pollution. Using a median-voter model (where a democratization reform typically changes the income of the median voter), we analyze how the effect of a change of the individual income differs from the effect of a change in the economy-wide productivity in the determination of pollution. We find that a democratization reform that brings poorer groups into the franchise leads to lower pollution only if the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption, σ, is smaller than unity. At the same time, the EKC literature suggests that a country tends to improve aspects of the environment as its per capita income rises, at least when it is above some critical level. For the model to be consistent with this observation, when σ < 1, the transformation function between income and pollution must be generous, i.e. little income has to be given up as pollution is reduced. © 2013 Springer Japan.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Clas, 1961-
(author)
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Economic Growth and the Environment : An Introduction to the theory
- 2013
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book explores the debate on how to reconcile economic growth with protection of the natural environment, and the closely related discussion on whether an increasing scarcity of natural resources will eventually force economic growth to cease. The debate focuses on whether environmental policies will benefit the economy or not, and is divided into growth optimists and growth pessimists. In general, economists have been optimistic and have pointed to the possibilities of technological progress and substitution, yet they also acknowledge that natural resources and environmental concern do restrict economic growth. The difficulty lies in quantifying the constraint to economic growth. Modern growth economists have constructed models to examine to what extent 'growth pessimism' is theoretically warranted. This book provides an introduction to some of these models, brings together the discussion between growth optimists and pessimists, and presents the theory behind their arguments. It presents models where both sides can meet and where both are able to derive expected results with the parameter values that they deem appropriate. From there, the discussions can turn to the empirical observations about these parameters.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Clas, et al.
(author)
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Economic Growth, Inequality, Democratization, and the Environment
- 2003
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In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 25:1, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We augment the Stokey (1998) model by allowingagents to differ with respect to environmentalquality and income in order to analyze theimpact of income and environmental inequality,and of democratization on aggregate pollution.We find that the impact of a more equal incomedistribution depends on the degree ofdemocracy. In a complete democracy a more equalincome distribution generates, ceterisparibus, less pollution, which is consistentwith indirect empirical evidence, whereas theopposite is the case if democratic rights arehighly restricted. Furthermore, ademocratization is argued to typically lowerboth the income and the environmental qualityof the median voter. In this case, if, inutility terms, the fall in environmentalquality is worse than the fall in consumptionthe median voter decides to tightenenvironmental legislation so that aggregatepollution decreases.
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