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- Blom, Kristin, et al.
(author)
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Mebendazole-induced M1 polarisation of THP-1 macrophages may involve DYRK1B inhibition
- 2019
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In: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Nature. - 1756-0500. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We recently showed that the anti-helminthic compound mebendazole (MBZ) has immunomodulating activity by inducing a M2 to M1 phenotype switch in monocyte/macrophage models. In the present study we investigated the potential role of protein kinases in mediating this effect.Results: MBZ potently binds and inhibits Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) with a Kd and an IC50 of 7 and 360 nM, respectively. The specific DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191 did not mimic the cytokine release profile of MBZ in untreated THP-1 monocytes. However, in THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages, AZ191 strongly induced a pro-inflammatory cytokine release pattern similar to MBZ and LPS/IFNγ. Furthermore, like MBZ, AZ191 increased the expression of the M1 marker CD80 and decreased the M2 marker CD163 in THP-1 macrophages. In this model, AZ191 also increased phospho-ERK activity although to a lesser extent compared to MBZ. Taken together, the results demonstrate that DYRK1B inhibition could, at least partly, recapitulate immune responses induced by MBZ. Hence, DYRK1B inhibition induced by MBZ may be part of the mechanism of action to switch M2 to M1 macrophages.
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- Eklund Wimelius, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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"They think of us as part of the problem instead of part of the solution" : Swedish civil society and faith based organizations in resilience building and prevention of radicalization and violent Islamist extremism
- 2020
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In: Journal for Deradicalization. - : German Institute on Radicalization and De-Radicalization Studies (GIRDS). - 2363-9849. ; :22, s. 122-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radicalization and violent extremism are pressing issues on the Swedish political agenda. The local level has been identified as pivotal when it comes to preventive work and local public actors are encouraged to cooperate with civil society in efforts to promote local resilience. However, the Swedish debate on the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) and faith based organizations (FBOs) in resilience building and prevention is heated. Based on 14 interviews with representatives for secular, Christian and Muslim CSOs and FBOs, we have explored and analysed how they perceive their role in resilience building and preventive work. We have asked how they interpret local resilience against radicalization and violent extremism and what they think is needed in order to promote it. Findings are mirrored against a recent literature review on local resilience. In the interviews, there is a strong emphasis on work to strengthen social support networks, enhance community resources and build collective identity. In relation to the literature review, there are significant similarities with how resilience is defined and said to be promoted.
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- Eklund Wimelius, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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What is local resilience against radicalization and how can it be promoted? : a multidisciplinary literature review
- 2023
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In: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Routledge. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 46:7, s. 1108-1125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this research note, we present results from a review of research on local resilience in relation to radicalization in public health, social work, crisis management, and community policing using terrorism studies as a point of departure. In order to identify agreements between literatures, we focus on how local resilience is understood, how it is said to be promoted, and how this knowledge could be synthesized. We show that resilience by and large is understood as both a process and a capacity underpinned by cooperation, social networks, and community resources and that an initial mapping of existing strengths and resources is pivotal for local resilience-building.
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- Eriksson, Malin, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Ensamkommande ungdomars placering vid SiS särskilda ungdomshem : Placeringsmotiv, problembild och insatser
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under år 2017 var nästan 33 procent av samtliga pojkar placerade på SiS, ensamkommande ungdomar. För SiS innebär gruppen ensamkommande ungdomar nya utmaningar genom språkbarriärer och komplex problematik.Syftet med rapporten är att bidra till ökad kunskap om på vilka grunder ensamkommande ungdomar placeras på SiS, hur placeringsinsatsen organiseras och om insatserna under placeringen skiljer sig jämfört med insatserna för andra placerade ungdomar. Rapporten fokuserar på följande forskningsfrågor: Vilka motiv ligger till grund för ensamkommande ungdomars placering på SiS? Vilka problem avser en SiS-placering lösa? Finns det skillnader mellan hur olika aktörer uppfattar motiv och problem vid SiS-placering? Vilka insatser genomförs under placeringstiden och hur uppfattas dessa? Skiljer sig användningen av särskilda befogenheter i hanteringen av ensamkommande ungdomar jämfört med andra placerade ungdomar?Svaren på forskningsfrågorna baseras på intervjuer med SiS-personal, socialsekreterare och ensamkommande ungdomar placerade vid SiS, avidentifierade journaler samt data ur klient- och institutionsadministrativa system (KIA).Resultaten visar att två övergripande och delvis motstridiga bilder framträder vad gäller motiv för placering av ensamkommande ungdomar på SiS. Å ena sidan finns uppfattningen att ensamkommande ungdomar har en komplex problematik vilket motiverar placering på SiS. Å andra sidan uppfattas en del av de ensamkommande på SiS som felplacerade eller placerade på för vaga grunder. De insatser som ges under placeringen handlar till stor del om att ge struktur, fasta ramar och upprätta en vardag, vilket SiS har goda förutsättningar att lyckas med inom ramen för den strukturerade tvångsvårdsmiljö som erbjuds. Insatser som avser att hjälpa ensamkommande ungdomar att ”uppnå drogfrihet” eller ”komma ifrån en kriminell livsstil” har dock sämre förutsättningar att lyckas inom SiS, då dessa insatser utformas med det svenska språket och ”svenska bärande samhällsnormer” som grund. När det gäller användandet av särskilda befogenheter, visar resultaten att dessa används i lägre utsträckning för ensamkommande jämfört med andra ungdomar.
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- Eriksson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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I stand on my own two feet but need someone who really cares : Social networks and social capital among unaccompanied minors for becoming established in Swedish society
- 2019
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In: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925. ; 32:3, s. 372-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Settling in a new host country as an unaccompanied minor holds a lot of challenges such as adaptation of new social norms, learning a new language and understanding a new culture. Social networks may foster good conditions for settlement in the host community but little is known about the availability, quality and significance of social networks for unaccompanied minors (UM) in Sweden. The aim of this qualitative grounded-theory situational study was to explore experiences of social networks among UM and the significance of those networks for becoming established in Sweden, based on data from in-depth interviews with 11 young persons. Unaccompanied young persons were broadly found to be involved in three different kinds of networks: professional carers, like-ethnic friends and ‘Swedes’ in general. Networks with professionals (i.e. linking social capital) were perceived as both a secure base and a source of rejection, and could either facilitate or obstruct the establishment. Supporting networks with like-ethnic friends (bonding social capital) proved to be the most available and important resource for becoming established, while access to networks with Swedes (bridging social capital) was in general low but still perceived as important for becoming established, not least for reducing language and cultural barriers.
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- Eriksson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av insatser för ensamkommande barn och ungdomar i Umeå 2012-2013 : slutrapport
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna slutrapport redovisas en utvärdering av hur mottagningssystemet och samhällets insatser för ensamkommande barn och ungdomar har utformats och fungerat i Umeå kommun under perioden 2012-2013. Rapporten har utvecklats inom ramen för forskningsprojektet ”Hur fungerar samhällets insatser för ensamkommande flyktingungdomar?” och handlar om flyktingungdomars introduktion och etablering i det svenska samhället.En av slutsatserna är att det saknas en tydlig politisk styrning och vägledning av mottagandet av ensamkommande i Umeå och att aktörerna i hög grad själva har fått tolka sina uppdrag och samordna insatserna. En annan slutsats är att samhällets insatser har bidragit till att stödja, stärka och förbereda ungdomarna på att leva i Sverige och till att socialisera dem till vad som förväntas och krävs för att anpassa sig i det svenska samhället, men det finns stora utmaningar när det gäller ungdomarnas fortsatta integration i samhället.I rapporten presenteras också rekommendationer för hur mottagandet kan utvecklas. Bland annat rekommenderas att de olika aktörernas uppdrag förtydligas och att en mer utvecklad målsättning och vägledning för Umeå kommuns mottagande av ensamkommande arbetas fram. Aktörerna bör också utveckla och pröva nya sätt att främja ungdomarnas integration i samhället som bättre tillvaratar resurser i civilsamhället.Forskningsprojektet har utvecklats och genomförts av en tvärvetenskaplig forskargrupp vid Umeå universitet i samverkan med Umeå kommun och KFUM i Umeå. Projektet har medfinansierats av Europeiska Flyktingfonden.
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- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Are the problems and motives clear enough? : A study on the placement of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors at compulsory care institutions in Sweden
- 2021
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In: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925. ; 34:2, s. 1675-1694
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (SNBIC) is an independent governmental agency that provides compulsory care for minors with psychosocial problems, criminal behavior, and substance abuse. During recent years, a noticeable number of the youth placed at compulsory care institutions have been asylum-seeking minors who have arrived in Sweden without parents or guardians. This steady increase in placements has raised questions and concerns among the involved actors regarding the motives and needs underlying these placements. This qualitative study investigates the main motives that lead unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors to be placed at SNBIC residential homes and the problems that are to be solved during their placement, according to social workers and SNBIC staff. The study is based on 28 in-depth interviews with social workers and SNBIC staff. Findings indicate clear disagreement between social workers and SNBIC staff with regard to the motives for placing unaccompanied minors at SNBIC homes. Although the social workers and SNBIC staff explain that most of the unaccompanied youth placed at SNBIC homes have some form of criminal behavior or substance abuse, SNBIC staff believe, in some cases, the problem is not sufficiently serious to warrant compulsory care. As these disagreements and misunderstandings between the actors have an impact on their collaboration and, consequently, the situation of the unaccompanied minors, all attempts to reach a consensus on the leading causes for placement and the problems that need to be solved with SNBIC placement would increase security for both the young people and the relevant staff.
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