| 1. |
- Ignatieva, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Pros and cons of transdisciplinary research: A case study of Swedish lawns and their sustainable alternatives
- 2020
-
In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we discuss the pros and cons of transdisciplinary research using the results of a research project on lawns carried out in Sweden from 2013 to 2016. We viewed lawns as a complex ecological and cultural phenomenon and searched for different sustainable lawn solutions in urban areas of Sweden.Constraints on the research included the time and effort required for team members to become familiar with the different research approaches, participate in regular meetings and agree on joint methodology. Later in the project, the integration, analysis and understanding of field data, theoretical sources and practical implementation approaches were also time-consuming obstacles. Thus, the initial and final phases of the project were extremely important and demanded a lot of time and effort. Especially challenging was the cross-use of different methodologies from natural and social sciences. Such ambitious multiscale and multitask projects dealing with living urban nature and people require at least five years to complete, rather than the three years typically suggested for classical research projects.The pros of the transdisciplinary approach was its ability to incorporate results of natural and social studies into landscape design, the ability to involve stakeholders in different project activities and to disseminate the research results in practice. This research revealed that lawns are a relatively recent phenomenon that is still expanding globally. The social study component showed that mowing and creating smooth, green lawn surfaces is important to stakeholders (lawn users, planners and managers). However, in Sweden, there is a tendency for local citizens to accept more biodiverse plant communities. Working closely with open-minded stakeholders led to the real implementation of lawn alternatives, which, in turn, increased media attention. The initial concept—that management was a central factor to the whole transdisciplinary project—was confirmed. The goal of this article is to share the unique experiences and lessons learned by researchers of conducting transdisciplinary research and to make such complex research more successful.
|
|
| 2. |
- Roswall, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
-
Microenvironmental control of breast cancer subtype elicited through paracrine platelet-derived growth factor-CC signaling
- 2018
-
In: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 24, s. 463-473
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breast tumors of the basal-like, hormone receptor-negative subtype remain an unmet clinical challenge, as there is high rate of recurrence and poor survival in patients following treatment. Coevolution of the malignant mammary epithelium and its underlying stroma instigates cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to support most, if not all, hallmarks of cancer progression. Here we delineate a previously unappreciated role for CAFs as determinants of the molecular subtype of breast cancer. We identified paracrine crosstalk between cancer cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC and CAFs expressing the cognate receptors in human basal-like mammary carcinomas. Genetic or pharmacological intervention of PDGF-CC activity in mouse models of cancer resulted in conversion of basal-like breast cancers into a hormone receptor-positive state that enhanced sensitivity to endocrine therapy in previously resistant tumors. We conclude that specification of breast cancer to the basal-like subtype is under microenvironmental control and is therapeutically actionable.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahlström, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors : diagnosis with PET
- 1995
-
In: Radiology. - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 195:2, s. 333-337
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of carbon-11-labeled L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors with positron emission tomography (PET). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive patients with clinically and biochemically verified pancreatic endocrine tumors were examined with computed tomography (CT) and PET with L-DOPA alone (n = 16) or both C-11-L-DOPA and C-11-5-HTP (n = 6). RESULTS: Tumor uptake of L-DOPA was found in 11 patients, eight of whom had metastatic disease. Heterogeneity of tracer uptake was noted among different lesions in the same patient (ie, high uptake in some lesions and low uptake in others). Results in patients examined with both L-DOPA and 5-HTP correlated well, but the uptake levels of 5-HTP were higher in two of three patients with positive findings. In two additional patients, CT enabled detection of tumors not detected at PET. CONCLUSION: The current PET technique can be a valuable complement to CT in demonstration of functional pancreatic endocrine tumors, in particular, glucagonomas, but is less useful in detection of nonfunctional tumors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Janicke, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Efter ett sekel
- 2021. - 1
-
In: Socionomutbildningen - då, nu och i framtiden. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144153070 ; , s. 313-340
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
A non-conservative polymorphism in the IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST)/gp130 is associated with myocardial infarction in a hypertensive population.
- 2008
-
In: Regulatory peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115. ; 146:1-3, s. 189-96
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflammation is a key component in the development of atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction (MI); therefore we investigated the association between an interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL6ST)/gp130 polymorphism, gp130 function and risk of MI. Structural modeling suggested that a non-conservative single nucleotide polymorphism in the gp130, Gly148Arg, can change the stability and functional properties of the molecule. In vitro studies were done with BAF/3 cells lacking endogenous gp130. Cells stably transfected with the gp130 148Arg variant proliferated less and showed slightly lower STAT-3 phosphorylation in response to gp130 stimulation as compared to cells transfected with gp130 148Gly. In a prospectively followed hypertensive cohort we identified 167 patients who suffered a MI during the study and compared them to matched controls (mean age 57 years, 73% males, n=482). Carriers of the 148Arg variant (f(Arg)=0.12) of the gp130 receptor had decreased odds ratio for MI in univariate analysis (0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91, p=0.02). In conclusion, a genetically determined structural variant of the IL-6 receptor subunit gp130 is, independently of other known risk factors, associated with decreased risk of MI. The variant is also associated with decreased IL-6 responsiveness and could lead to a configuration change in the gp130 receptor.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergström, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
In vivo demonstration of enzyme activity in endocrine pancreatic tumors : decarboxylation of carbon-11-DOPA to carbon-11-dopamine
- 1996
-
In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667. ; 37:1, s. 32-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- METHODS:We used PET to characterize the uptake and decarboxylation of 11C-L-DOPA in vivo in two patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors: one glucagonoma and one gastrinoma.RESULTS:With L-DOPA labeled with 11C in the beta position, in which the radioactive label follows the molecule through decarboxylation to dopamine, significant uptake was observed in the tumors. With L-DOPA labeled in the carboxyl group, in which the label is rapidly eliminated from the tissue as 11CO2 if decarboxylation takes place, an almost complete lack of uptake is noted.CONCLUSION:This study shows that, using selective position labeling, an in vivo action of enzymatic activity can be observed with PET and that significant decarboxylation occurs in the tested endocrine pancreatic tumors. Also, marked retention of radioactivity occurs after treatment with somatostatin analogs. It is hypothesized that this is a reflection of a reduction of exocytosis which is induced by this treatment.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergström, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
Modulation of organ uptake of 11C-labelled L-DOPA
- 1997
-
In: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 24:1, s. 15-19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study was undertaken to investigate if pretreatment with pharmacological agents could change the organ uptake of 11C-labelled L-DOPA, and especially if the urinary excretion could be decreased. L-[beta-11C]DOPA was injected IV into unanesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. After 20 min the rats were decapitated and organs taken out for radioactivity measurements. The uptake in the organs was investigated in animals only given the tracer, and in animals pretreated with drugs such as decarboxylase inhibitors carbidopa and benserazide as well as the monoamine oxidase inhibitors deprenyl, clorgyline, and the COMT inhibitor OR-486. A marked decrease in the urinary radioactivity was observed after carbidopa and benserazide administration. HPLC analysis revealed that under native conditions the major part of urinary radioactivity existed as dopamine, which was eliminated by the decarboxylase inhibitors. After pretreatment with the COMT inhibitor OR-486, the radioactivity uptake in the pancreas increased fourfold as compared to non-treated animals. HPLC analysis showed that this correlated with a marked increase in radiolabelled DOPAC. In the other organs and with the other drugs, only small effects were observed. With L-[beta-11C]fluoroDOPA as a tracer, similar results were observed although the increase in the pancreas by OR-486 had a lower magnitude. These studies suggest that it might be possible to improve the diagnostic ratio of L-[beta-11C]DOPA or L-[18F]fluoroDOPA in whole-body PET studies by pretreating the patient with decarboxylase inhibitor for reducing the urinary excretion and potentially increase the target organ uptake by COMT inhibition.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bolmsvik, A., et al.
(author)
-
Weather protection at the construction site : Work environment and conditions for moisture and mould growth on massive timber
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 2654:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last decade, the use of timber (especially massive timber) has increased worldwide, mainly driven by anticipated environmental benefits. However, there is debate on how to handle the susceptibility against microbial growth for wooden constructions, especially during the construction phase. Sometimes full weather protection is used to avoid exposing the wooden material to outdoor conditions, but oftentimes the structures are fully exposed to precipitation. In an earlier study, one construction site using a full weather protection was studied, and the results showed promising results on the improved hygrothermal conditions and reduced risk of mould growth. Moreover, the site contractor also indicated improved work environment and productivity, however, this was not included in that study. This present study aims to investigate the effects of using full weather protection during construction in seven different construction projects to follow-up and broaden the earlier single project study. The studied aspects include the hygrothermal conditions, potential of mould growth, and influence on the work environment. Temperature and relative humidity were measured and analysed. Samples of cross-laminated timber (CLT) were analysed using a microscope, and the results are compared to theoretical mould growth potential. This is measured both inside the weather protection and outside at the seven construction projects. Furthermore, a work environment questionnaire is distributed to workers at the sites to collect the perceived work environment using a full weather protection. The results of the study partly confirm the conclusions from the earlier study, i.e., reducing the risk of mould growth and causing a slightly warmer and dryer conditions than outside. In addition, the results indicate an improved work environment. The majority of the interviewees wishes a weather protection in their next project regarding the work environment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Christensen, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
-
Jordbrukslandskapet : tillstånds- och förändringsanalyser baserade på data från NILS
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ett syfte med denna rapport är att visa ett axplock av vad Nationell inventering av landskapet i Sverige (NILS) kan bidra med till Jordbruksverkets uppföljning av miljökvalitetsmålet Ett rikt odlingslandskap, utöver tidigare rapporterade analysresultat. Ett annat syfte är att visa på skillnader och likheter i skattningar av data som tagits fram med olika metodik och på så vis utvärdera metodikerna. Analyserna i rapporten är gjorda på data från NILS flygbildsinventering och NILS fältinventering. Data från flygbildsinventeringen har använts för tillståndsskattningar av markslagsarealer och mönster i landskapet, medan fältdata har använts även för förändringsanalyser av arealer och längder av linjeobjekt. Rapporten visar att flera analysresultat kan användas för att följa förändringar i odlingslandskapets natur- och kulturmiljövärden, under förutsättning att de följs över tiden. Till dessa hör: - Arealer av olika markslag i jordbrukslandskapet - Rumsliga mönster i jordbrukslandskapet - Täckningsgrad av träd i ohävdad jordbruksmark - Stengärdesgårdars läge i landskapet - Kvaliteten på skogskanter i jordbrukslanskapet Analyserna visar att det, enligt NILS, under perioden 2003-2007 fanns omkring 460000 ha hävdade betes- och slåttermarker i Sverige. Resultatet är detsamma från de båda inventeringarna. I nästa femårsperiod, 2008-2012, skattas samma markslag till 500000 ha i fältinventeringen. Ökningen är emellertid inte signifikant. Den obrukade åkermarken (träda) visar en icke signifikant tendens till minskning från 2003-2007 till 2008-2012. Det finns även en tendens till ökning av den totala arealen betad mark (inklusive betad vall) under samma period. Förändringen, som inte är signifikant, tycks främst bero på en något ökad areal av mark som betas av andra djurslag än nöt, häst och får, d.v.s. exempelvis getter. En övergångsmatris visar att de största förändringarna i markanvändning i jordbukslandskapet mellan de två femårsperioderna består av att brukad åkermark har övergått till tidigare åkermark med bete eller till ”övrig mark”, vilket t ex kan vara bebyggd mark. Det är emellertid tänkbart att en del av övergångarna mellan markslag som presenteras inte är sanna övergångar, utan beror på att markslag kan vara svåra att bedöma i fält och att inventerarna helt enkelt har gjort olika bedömningar i de båda femårsperioderna. Genom att låta fältinventerarna få tillgång till bedömningarna från det förra inventeringsvarvet kommer man att komma tillrätta med en del av detta problem. Den genomsnittliga fläckstorleken av ett markslag, tillsammans med den totala arealen av samma markslag, ger en bild av hur landskapet ser ut. Ytmässigt små fläckar och en stor totalarea antyder att landskapet är mer småbrutet än i de fall där fläckarna är stora vid samma totalarea. Kantindex (m/ha) där kantlängd relateras till fläckens area visar vid höga värden på ett mer småbrutet och varierat landskap än vid lägre index. Ett lågt index antyder större sammanhängande fläckar med liten flikighet. Kantindex tillsammans med total kantlängd, total area och genomsnittlig fläckstorlek ger en bild över hur landskapet ser ut och kommer att vara intressant att följa över tiden. Naturbetesmark visar på en större småbrutenhet och flikighet än åkermark vilket inte är särskilt förvånande. Norra Sverige har få och små naturbetsmarker, ett relativt högt kantindex och låg genomsnittlig fläckstorlek. Ett sätt att följa igenväxning av nedlagd jordbruksmark är att analysera trädtäckning i obrukad jordbruksmark. Analysen visar att Götalands mellanbygder och norra Sverige har den högsta genomsnittliga trädtäckningen, 15 % respektive 16 %, medan Götalands slättbygder har den lägsta, 6 %. Stengärdesgårdar har ett stort kulturmiljövärde och är också viktiga som biotoper. De har historiskt använts för att skilja inägor från utägor och markera fastighetsgränser i odlingslandskapet. Analyserna av linjekorsningsdata visar att det totalt fanns ca 136 000 km stengärdesgårdar i landet under perioden 2003-2007. Av dessa ligger 34 % i skog, 28 % ligger i gränsen mellan jordbruksmark och andra markslag och 25 % ligger helt i jordbruksmark. Gränszoner mellan markslag är ofta viktiga för den biologiska mångfalden. I den här rapporten har skogskanter som gränsar mot jordbruksmark analyserats. Mängden skogskanter som gränsar mot jordbruksmark har inte förändrats mellan de två femårsperioderna, utom i Norra Sverige där en signifikant minskning har skett. De vanligaste typerna av skogsbryn i jordbrukslandskapet idag är trädbryn med tvär skogsmantel och mindre komplexa kantformer, som raka till lätt böjda skogskanter. En mer komplex kantzon tros kunna hålla en högre artdiversitet än de mer tvära och raka skogskanterna med inget eller litet bryn.
|
|
