| 1. |
- Oehri, Jacqueline, et al.
(author)
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Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types.
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| 2. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(author)
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Changing snow cover and its impacts
- 2011
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In: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA). - Oslo : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. - 9788279710714 ; , s. 4:1-4:58
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Geraghty, A., et al.
(author)
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Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation for older adults with chronic dizziness : A randomised controlled trial in primary care
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Vestibular dysfunction occurs in 50% of those over age 60, and with an ageing population the health burden will increase. Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) has been shown to be effective for dizziness caused by vestibular dysfunction, but it is seldom provided in primary care. The rapid growth in internet access provides a promising vehicle for VR to achieve widespread health impact. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of internet-based VR on chronic dizziness in older adults in primary care.Method: We conducted a single centre randomised controlled trial comparing an internet-based VR intervention with usual primary care. 296 primary care patients aged 50 years and over with current dizziness exacerbated by head movements were recruited from 54 primary care practices from southern England. Patients in the intervention arm accessed an automated internet-based intervention that taught VR exercises and suggested cognitive behavioural management strategies. Dizziness was measured by the Vertigo Symptom Short-Form (VSS-SF) at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome was VSS-SF score at 6 months (ISRCTN: 86912968).Results: The VSS-SF was completed by 250 (84%) at 3 months and 230 (78%) at 6 months. Dizziness symptoms were significantly lower in the internet-based VR group compared to usual care at 3 (2.75, 95% CI:1.39, 4.12; p<0.001 and 6 months (2.26, 95% CI: 0.39, 4.12; p=0.018). Dizziness-related disability was also significantly lower in the internet-based VR condition, at 3 (5.33, 95% CI: 1.41, 9.26; p=0.008) and 6 month (5.58 95% CI: 1.19, 10.0; p=0.013).Discussion: Internet-based VR improves dizziness and reduces dizziness-based disability in older primary care patients without requiring structured guidance. The effectiveness without the need for health professional support indicates that this intervention could be made rapidly available to GPs for provision to their patients and wider dissemination in the community.
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| 4. |
- Rutter, Nick, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2)
- 2009
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty-three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range of hydrometeorological and forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) or depth were compared to observations at forest and open sites at each location. Precipitation phase and duration of above-freezing air temperatures are shown to be major influences on divergence and convergence of modeled estimates of the subcanopy snowpack. When models are considered collectively at all locations, comparisons with observations show that it is harder to model SWE at forested sites than open sites. There is no universal "best'' model for all sites or locations, but comparison of the consistency of individual model performances relative to one another at different sites shows that there is less consistency at forest sites than open sites, and even less consistency between forest and open sites in the same year. A good performance by a model at a forest site is therefore unlikely to mean a good model performance by the same model at an open site (and vice versa). Calibration of models at forest sites provides lower errors than uncalibrated models at three out of four locations. However, benefits of calibration do not translate to subsequent years, and benefits gained by models calibrated for forest snow processes are not translated to open conditions.
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