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- Alaverdyan, Yury, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Optical antennas based on coupled nanoholes in thin metal films
- 2007
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In: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2481 .- 1745-2473. ; 3:12, s. 884-889
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability to control optical effects at the nanoscale is a challenge that could be of great importance for a range of photonic applications. However, progress requires a deep understanding of the relationship between near-field and far-field properties of the individual elements of the nanostructure, as well as of the role of nano-optical interactions. Here, we show that the strong interaction between nanoholes in optically thin metal films can be used to readily tune their spectral response and visibility. Control of this interaction in short chains of nanoholes enables either amplification or almost total suppression of the scattered light. The phenomena are interpreted in terms of hole coupling mediated via antisymmetric surface plasmon polaritons, which makes the nanohole chains effectively behave as linear wire antennas.
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| 3. |
- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Platinum dispersion measurements for Pt/BaO/Al2O3, NOx storage catalysts
- 2005
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In: Applied Catalysis A: General. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3875 .- 0926-860X. ; 296:2, s. 157-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this investigation different experimental methods to determine the platinum dispersion of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 NOx storage catalysts are compared. The dispersion of platinum is determined independently using temperature programmed desorption of CO, dissociation of N2O, static volumetric CO and H2 chemisorption, dynamic CO chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. For Pt/BaO/Al2O3, reproducible results are obtained when the platinum dispersion is determined from N2O dissociation, CO and H2 chemisorption. However, repeated CO-TPD experiments result in decreased amount of desorbed CO, which limits this method to determine platinum dispersion for Pt/BaO/Al2O3 samples. For Pt/Al2O3, similar values for platinum dispersion are obtained for all methods used in the study.In addition to the platinum dispersion investigations, the surface morphology of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 samples and the distribution of different elements are studied using SEM-EDS. The SEM-EDS analyses show that the platinum is evenly distributed over the entire sample surface, while the distribution of barium is more uneven.
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- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Nanometer-thick films of titanium oxide acting as electrolyte in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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In: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 52:12, s. 4239-4245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 0–18 nm-thick titanium, zirconium and tantalum oxide films are thermally evaporated on Nafion 117 membranes, and used as thin spacer electrolyte layers between the Nafion and a 3 nm Pt catalyst film. Electrochemical characterisation of the films in terms of oxygen reduction activity, high frequency impedance and cyclic voltammetry in nitrogen is performed in a fuel cell at 80 ◦C and full humidification. Titanium oxide films with thicknesses up to 18 nm are shown to conduct protons, whereas zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide block proton transport already at a thickness of 1.5 nm. The performance for oxygen reduction is higher for a bi-layered film of 3 nm platinum on 1.5 or 18 nm titanium oxide, than for a pure 3 nm platinum film with no spacer layer. The improvement in oxygen reduction performance is ascribed to a higher active surface area of platinum, i.e. no beneficial effect of combining platinum with zirconium, tantalum or titanium oxides on the intrinsic oxygen reduction activityis seen. The results suggest that TiO2 may be used as electrolyte in fuel cell electrodes, and that low-temperature proton exchange fuel cells could be possible using TiO2 as electrolyte.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Thin film Pt/TiO2 catalysts for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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In: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 163:2, s. 671-678
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thin film Pt/TiO2 catalysts are evaluated in a polymer electrolyte electrochemical cell. Individual thin films of Pt and TiO2, and bilayers of them, were deposited directly on Nafion membranes by thermal evaporation with varying deposition order and thickness (Pt loadings of 3-6 mu g cm(-2)). Structural and chemical characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) polarization plots show that the presence of a thin TiO2 layer between the platinum and the Nation increases the performance compared to a Pt film deposited directly on Nation. Based on the TEM analysis, we attribute this improvement to a better dispersion of Pt on TiO2 compared to on Nalion and in addition, substantial proton conduction through the thin Ti02 layer. It is also shown that deposition order and the film thickness affects the performance.
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