| 1. |
- Backström, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Genomics of natural bird populations : a gene-based set of reference markers evenly spread across the avian genome
- 2008
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In: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 17:4, s. 964-980
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although there is growing interest to take genomics into the complex realms of natural populations, there is a general shortage of genomic resources and tools available for wild species. This applies not at least to birds, for which genomic approaches should be helpful to questions such as adaptation, speciation and population genetics. In this study, we describe a genome-wide reference set of conserved avian gene markers, broadly applicable across birds. By aligning protein-coding sequences from the recently assembled chicken genome with orthologous sequences in zebra finch, we identified particularly conserved exonic regions flanking introns of suitable size for subsequent amplification and sequencing. Primers were designed for 242 gene markers evenly distributed across the chicken genome, with a mean inter-marker interval of 4.2 Mb. Between 78% and 93% of the markers amplified a specific product in five species tested (chicken, peregrine falcon, collared flycatcher, great reed warbler and blue tit). Two hundred markers were sequenced in collared flycatcher, yielding a total of 122.41 kb of genomic DNA sequence (12096 bp coding sequence and 110 314 bp noncoding). Intron size of collared flycatcher and chicken was highly correlated, as was GC content. A polymorphism screening using these markers in a panel of 10 unrelated collared flycatchers identified 871 single nucleotide polymorphisms (pi = 0.0029) and 33 indels (mainly very short). Avian genome characteristics such as uniform genome size and low rate of syntenic rearrangements suggest that this marker set will find broad utility as a genome-wide reference resource for molecular ecological and population genomic analysis of birds. We envision that it will be particularly useful for obtaining large-scale orthologous targets in different species--important in, for instance, phylogenetics--and for large-scale identification of evenly distributed single nucleotide polymorphisms needed in linkage mapping or in studies of gene flow and hybridization.
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| 2. |
- Högström, Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Dance and Yoga Reduced Functional Abdominal Pain in Young Girls : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 26:2, s. 336-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The evidence for existing treatments is mixed, and effective accessible treatments are needed. Dance, a rhythmic cardio-respiratory activity, combined with yoga, which enhances relaxation and focus, may provide physiological and psychological benefits that could help to ease pain.Objectives: The aim with this study was to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention on maximum abdominal pain in 9- to 13-year- old girls with FAPDs.Methods: This study was a prospective randomised controlled trial with 121 participants recruited from outpatient clinics as well as the general public. The intervention group participated in dance and yoga twice weekly for 8 months; controls received standard care. Abdominal pain, as scored on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised, was recorded in a pain diary. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the outcomes and effect sizes.Results: Dance and yoga were superior to standard healthcare alone, with a medium to high between-group effect size and significantly greater pain reduction (b = −1.29, p = 0.002) at the end of the intervention.Conclusions: An intervention using dance and yoga is likely a feasible and beneficial complementary treatment to standard health care for 9- to 13-year-old girls with FAPDs.Significance: FAPDs affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The negative consequences such as absence from school, high consumption of medical care and depression pose a considerable burden on children and their families and effective treatments are needed. This is the first study examining a combined dance/yoga intervention for young girls with FAPDs and the result showed a reduction of abdominal pain. These findings contribute with new evidence in the field of managing FAPDs in a vulnerable target group.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA in relation to atherosclerosis in 61-year-old men
- 2009
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 205:2, s. 574-578
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Increased intake of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to decrease the risk for cardiovascular death and to reduce CVD risk factors. It has also been suggested that EPA and DHA reduce atherosclerosis progression, but data are inconclusive. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a well-established surrogate measure for sub-clinical atherosclerosis. Our aim was to examine if plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA are associated with IMT and plaque occurrence and size in the carotid and femoral arteries. Methods: IMT and plaque occurrence in carotid and femoral arteries was measured by ultrasound in 487 sixty-one-year-old men in this cross-sectional study. Plasma phospholipid levels of EPA and DHA, serum lipids, cell adhesion molecules, and blood pressure were measured, and occurrence of diabetes and socioeconomic factors were assessed. Results: Plasma phospholipid EPA was negatively associated with IMT in carotid and femoral arteries, and with cigarette years and cell adhesion proteins. EPA was positively associated with HDL, total cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma insulin and years of education. The association between EPA and carotid IMT remained after adjustment for blood pressure, but not for other covariates. Plasma phospholipid DHA was negatively associated with cigarette years and several endothelial markers, and positively associated with years of education and systolic blood pressure. In contrast to other studies, EPA content was higher in diabetic patients compared with patients without diabetes. Conclusion: Plasma phospholipid EPA, but not DHA, was inversely associated with carotid and femoral IMT, as well as several endothelial markers supporting the concept of an effect of EPA on the vascular wall. This association was independent of blood pressure, but not for other covariates. There was no association between plasma phospholipid EPA or DHA and plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Philipsson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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”Just in TIME” - Intervention med dans och yoga för flickor med funktionell magsmärta och IBS
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bakgrund och syfteFunktionell magsmärta drabbar många barn i skolåldern, mestadels flickor. Det kan leda till minskad livskvalitet, skolfrånvaro, sämre sömn, försämrade kamratkontakter och ökad vårdkonsumtion. Det vetenskapliga underlaget för interventioner vid långvarig smärta hos barn är begränsat. Dans kan öka rörelseglädje och förbättra kroppskännedom, vilket i sin tur påverkar självtillit och kan öka psykiskt välbefinnande. Yoga kan ge mental avslappning och reducera stressreaktioner. Syftet med studien är att utvärdera effekten av en intervention med dans och yoga på återkommande magsmärta, stress och depressiva symtom samt på funktion i vardagen hos flickor 9-13 år som har funktionell buksmärta och IBS.MetodEn randomiserad kontrollerad studie genomförs med forskningspersoner som identifieras via diagnosregister samt barnmottagningarna i Västerås och Örebro, samt från primärvården. Interventionen består av dans och yoga med fokus på rörelseglädje, gemenskap och kravlöshet, och utförs som gruppaktivitet två ggr/veckan under 8 månader. Primärt utfall är förändring av magsmärta efter 8 mån. Flickorna följs upp under fem år avseende magsmärta, självskattad hälsa, stress och psykiskt välmående, fysisk aktivitet och skolfunktioner. Vidare studeras kostnad i relation till nytta.Resultat/(Planerade studier)Projektet pågår och de första resultaten beräknas publiceras hösten 2019. Projektet utvärderas både kvalitativt, genom intervjuer med flickor och vårdnadshavare, och kvantitativt, genom bland annat analys av smärtdagböcker, upplevd hälsa, stress samt med en hälsoekonomisk analys. Därutöver utvärderas salivkortisol och faeces som objektiva mått. KonklusionStudien förväntas leda till ökad kunskap om icke-farmakologiska insatser för barn samt hur behandlingsinsatser för målgruppen kan breddas med ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ till ”standard care”.
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| 6. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes development-Can metabolomics improve on existing biomarkers?
- 2017
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim The aim was to determine if metabolomics could be used to build a predictive model for type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk that would improve prediction of T2D over current risk markers. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics was used in a nested casecontrol study based on a screening sample of 64-year-old Caucasian women (n = 629). Candidate metabolic markers of T2D were identified in plasma obtained at baseline and the power to predict diabetes was tested in 69 incident cases occurring during 5.5 years followup. The metabolomics results were used as a standalone prediction model and in combination with established T2D predictive biomarkers for building eight T2D prediction models that were compared with each other based on their sensitivity and selectivity for predicting T2D. Established markers of T2D (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (HOMA), smoking, serum adiponectin)) alone, and in combination with metabolomics had the largest areas under the curve (AUC) (0.794 (95% confidence interval [0.738-0.850]) and 0.808 [0.749-0.867] respectively), with the standalone metabolomics model based on nine fasting plasma markers having a lower predictive power (0.657 [0.577-0.736]). Prediction based on non-blood based measures was 0.638 [0.565-0.711]). Established measures of T2D risk remain the best predictor of T2D risk in this population. Additional markers detected using metabolomics are likely related to these measures as they did not enhance the overall prediction in a combined model.
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| 7. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of Type 2 diabetes
- 2017
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In: The FASEB Journal. ; 31:S1, s. 655.4-
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BACKGROUND Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but there are a lack of objective tools for assessing the causal relationships between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and prevention of diabetes.OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and future development of T2D irrespective of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors, using dietary biomarkers as an objective measure of dietary intake unconfounded by recall and reporting bias.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-year old women with different glucose tolerance classifications (normal glucose tolerance; NGT (n=190), impaired glucose tolerance; IGT (n=209), and diabetes (n=230)), randomly selected from the population register in Gothenburg, Sweden. The same subjects were followed up after 5 years to determine changes in glucose tolerance (NGT (n=167), IGT (n=174) and diabetes (n=159)). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for significant measures of MetS was used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS and new T2D cases at follow up (n=69).RESULTS After adjustment for MetS risk factors, alpha-tocopherol, alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (markers of whole grain wheat and rye), b-alanine (meat), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) and linoleic acid were associated with GTS and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) and alpha-tocopherol with future development of T2D.CONCLUSIONS Several dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS irrespective of MetS factors, underlining the role of diet in development and prevention of T2D. The use of multiple dietary biomarkers can provide a link with diet that is unencumbered by recall bias normally associated with dietary studies and allows examination of the role of diet even when dietary information is not available.
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| 8. |
- Savolainen, Otto, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of type 2 diabetes in older Swedish women
- 2017
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 106:5, s. 1302-1310
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of objective tools for assessing the relation between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake are unconfounded by recall and reporting bias, and using multiple dietary biomarkers could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and the prevention of T2D. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and to future development of T2D irrespective of common T2D and cardiovascular disease risk factors by using multiple dietary biomarkers. Design: Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-yold Swedish women with different GTS [normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 190), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 209), and diabetes (n = 230)]. The same subjects were followed up after 5 y to determine changes in glucose tolerance (n = 167 for NGT, n = 174 for IGT, and n = 159 for diabetes). ANCOVA and logistic regression were used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS, and new T2D cases at follow-up (n = 69). Results: Of the 10 dietary biomarkers analyzed, beta-alanine (beef) (P-raw, 0.001), alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (whole-grain wheat and rye) (P-raw = 0.003 and 0.011), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) (P-raw = 0.041), 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) (P-raw = 0.002), linoleic acid (P-raw, 0.001), oleic acid (P-raw = 0.003), and alpha-tocopherol (margarine and vegetable oil) (P-raw, 0.001) were associated with GTS, and CMPF (fish) (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93; P-raw = 0.013) and alpha-tocopherol (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98; P-raw = 0.041) were inversely associated with future T2D development. Conclusions: Several circulating dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS after correction for known T2D risk factors, underlining the role of diet in the development and prevention of T2D. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use multiple dietary biomarkers to investigate the link between diet and disease risk.
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| 9. |
- Väli, Ulo, et al.
(author)
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Microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms in avian hybrid identification : a comparative case study
- 2010
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In: Journal of Avian Biology. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 41:1, s. 34-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The correct identification of hybrids is essential in avian hybridisation studies, but selection of the appropriate set of genetic markers for this purpose is at times complicated. Microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently the most commonly used markers in this field. We compare the efficiency of these two marker types, and their combination, in the identification of the threatened avian species, the greater spotted eagle and the lesser spotted eagle, as well as hybrids between the two species. We developed novel SNP markers from genome-wide distributed 122 candidate introns using only sympatric samples, and tested these markers successfully in 60 sympatric and allopatric spotted eagles using Bayesian model-based approaches. Comparatively, only one out of twelve previously described avian nuclear intron markers showed significant species-specific allele frequency difference, thus stressing the importance of selecting the proper markers. Twenty microsatellites outperformed selected nine SNPs in species identification, but were poorer in hybrid detection, whereas the resolution power of ten microsatellites remained too low for correct assignment. A combination of SNPs and microsatellites resulted in the most efficient and accurate identification of all individuals. Our study shows that the use of various sets of markers could lead to strikingly different assignment results, hybridisation studies may have been affected by too low a resolution power of used markers, and that an appropriate set of markers is essential for successful hybrid identification.
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