| 1. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 2. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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| 3. |
- Einarsson, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Civilsamhällets mobilisering av resurser och lärande i kriser
- 2024
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In: Svensk kyrkotidning. - Uppsala : Svensk kyrkotidning AB. - 0346-2153. ; :3, s. 78-82
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Short text presenting a study of Swedish civil society organizations and their work during three different extraordinary situations (or crises): the European Refugee "crisis" of 2015/16, the COVID pandemic and the refugee situation emerging as a consequence of Russias war against Ukraine. In the study we focus on the organizational learning as well as the mobilization of resources.
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| 4. |
- Falk, David, et al.
(author)
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Civilsamhällets förmåga till lärande, samverkan samt mobilisering av resurser i samband med kriser
- 2024
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In: Forskning som förändrar civilsamhället – krisberedskap, krishantering och samverkan. - Stockholm, Sweden : Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor (MUCF). ; , s. 35-43
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vid såväl mindre som mer omfattande samhällsstörningar (i dagligt tal ”kriser”) bidrar ideella organisationer, trossamfund, folkrörelser och andra delar av civilsamhället ofta med insatser i de olika faserna av en kris där den offentliga sektorns resurser, kompetenser, tempo eller sätt att arbeta inte räcker till. Det gör man till exempel genom att mobilisera och koordinera volontärer, ordna med sovplatser, boende och tak över huvudet för utsatta grupper, bidra med transporter, hjälpa till med matinköp, ge röst åt och stöd för de mest sårbara och utsatta i vårt samhälle. Dessa insatser sker inte sällan i samverkan med andra idéburna organisationer och med offentliga aktörer som kommuner, sjukhus, skolor eller statliga myndigheter samt med näringslivets företag.
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| 5. |
- Falk, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Exponential Roadmap: Scaling 36 Solutions to Halve Emissions by 2030
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The 2019 Exponential Roadmap focuses on moving from incremental to exponential climate action in the next decade. It presents 36 economically- viable solutions to cut global greenhouse gas emissions 50% by 2030 and the strategies to scale this transformation. The roadmap is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s goal to keep global average temperature “well below 2°C” and aiming for 1.5°C above pre- industrial levels. The 2019 roadmap is the second in the series. Each new roadmap updates solutions that have proven potential to scale and charts progress towards exponential scaling. The roadmap, based on the carbon law (see box) is a collaboration between academia, business and civil society. The roadmap is complemented with a high-ambition narrative, Meeting the 1.5°C Ambition, that presents the case why holding global average temperature increase to just 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is important. Since the first roadmap, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its special report on 1.5°C. The report concluded that the economic and humanitarian risks of a 2°C world are significantly higher than 1.5°C. The remaining emissions budget for 1.5°C is small, and will be exceeded within ten to fifteen years at current emission rates. The window of feasibility is closing rapidly. The global economic benefit of a low-carbon future is estimated at US$26 trillion by 2030 compared with staying on the current high-carbon pathway. The scale of transformation – halving emissions by 2030 – is unprecedented but the speed is not. Some cities and companies can transform significantly faster. Developed nations with significant historic emissions have a responsibility to reduce emissions faster. Greenhouse gas emissions, and the solutions to reduce them, are grouped by six sectors: energy, industry, transport, buildings, food consumption, nature-based solutions (sources and sinks). Meeting the 1.5°C goal means implementing solutions in parallel across all sectors. The solutions must scale exponentially. The roadmap identifies four levers required to scale the transformation as well as necessary actions for each: policy, climate leadership and movements, finance and exponential technology. Implementation must be fair and just or risk deep resistance.
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| 6. |
- Jutterström, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Civilsamhällets mobilisering av resurser och lärande i kriser
- 2024
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In: Svensk kyrkotidning. - Stockholm, Sweden : Svensk Kyrkotidning AB. - 0346-2153. ; , s. 78-82
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ett forskningsprojekt vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm utforskar organisatoriskt lärande inom det civila samhället, under och mellan kriser. Svenska kyrkan, Rädda Barnen och Röda Korset är några av de organisationer som studerats när samhällets institutioner utmanats av pandemi och migration.
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| 7. |
- Kastbom, Lisa, 1978-
(author)
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A good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and advance care planning (ACP) in patients near end-of-life
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that what constitutes a good death is heterogenic and complex although there are some recurrent themes and similarities regardless individual background factors. Studies on advance care planning (ACP), i.e. making proactive plans regarding content of care and treatment limitations, on nursing home (NH) patients are rare. Positive effects of ACPs are shown, but also that these often are lacking. The overall aim with this thesis was to explore the perceptions of a good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and to investigate, from different perspectives, experiences of ACP in a NH context. In paper I, patients with cancer in a palliative phase were interviewed on their perceptions of a good death. Death was viewed as a process and previous experiences on the death of others influenced their own perceptions. A good death was associated with living with the prospect of imminent death, preparing oneself and others for one’s death and dying comfortably, e.g. without suffering, with independence and with social relations intact. Some were comforted by their belief that death is predetermined, and that after death, there is something else. Others felt uncomfortable when they viewed death as the end of the existence. In paper II, nurses and physicians were interviewed on their experiences of the factors that shape the ACP process in NHs. Exploration of the patient’s preferences regarding content of care and treatment limitations was important, as well as integration of the patient’s preferences and the views of the family members and staff concerning these questions. ACP documentation had to be clear, updated and available for staff and the implementation and reevaluation of ACP were also considered important, according to the participants. Significance of clinicians’ perceiving beneficence as well as fear of accusations of maleficence were shown to be essential factors to contemplate. In a retrospective chart review (paper III), medical records of 367 deceased NH patients were analysed. A high prevalence of ACP was shown, using two different definitions of ACP (ACP I and ACP II). Moreover, adherence to the ACP content was strong and positive associations were seen between ACP and variables of the three research aims, such as: diagnosis (dementia), physician attendance at NH and end-of-life (EOL) care. In paper IV, family members of deceased NH patients were interviewed on their experiences of ACP in NHs. EOL issues were challenging to talk about, although the family members appreciated staff raising these questions. The patient’s preferences were sometimes explicitly or implicitly communicated. However, in some cases, family members had a feeling of the patient’s preferences, although they had not been clearly communicated. Everyday details symbolised staff commitment. The family members viewed the nurse as central. The physician was described as absent and ACP meetings often went unnoticed. Both involvement and lack of involvement could cause the family members feelings of guilt. In conclusion, we found that what constitutes a good death is highly individual, although recurrent themes are seen. EOL conversations are important and challenging and need staff training and experience. It seems important to support healthcare staff not only to initiate ACP in NH patients, but also to involve the patient and family members in the ACP and planning EOL care. Making proactive plans regarding content of care including treatment limitations, could enable patient autonomy, optimise the chances for the patient to experience a good death and enhance for the family members during the dying trajectory and after the patient’s death.
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| 8. |
- Kastbom, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Elephant in the room-Family members perspectives on advance care planning
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 38:4, s. 421-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To explore family members experiences of advance care planning in nursing homes. Design Individual interviews. Thematic analysis. Setting Four nursing homes in Sweden. Subjects Eighteen family members of deceased nursing home patients. Main outcome measures Family members experiences of advance care planning in nursing homes. Results Family members experiences of advance care planning in a nursing home context involved five themes: Elephant in the room, comprising end-of-life issues being difficult to talk about; Also silent understanding, e.g. patients preferences explicitly communicated, but also implicitly conveyed. In some cases family members had a sense of the patients wishes although preferences had not been communicated openly; Significance of small details, e.g. family members perceive everyday details as symbols of staff commitment; Invisible physician, supporting nurse, e.g. nurse being a gatekeeper, providing a first line assessment in the physicians absence; and Feeling of guilt, e.g. family members wish to participate in decisions regarding direction of care and treatment limits, and need guidance in the decisions. Conclusion Our study stresses the significance of staff involving the patient and family members in the advance care planning process in nursing homes, thereby adapting the care in line with patients wishes, and for the patient to share these preferences with family members. Education in communication related to the subject may be important to shape advance care planning.
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| 9. |
- Kastbom, Lisa, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence, content and significance of advance care planning in nursing home patients
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 40:1, s. 29-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Studies on advance care planning in nursing homes are rare, and despite their demonstrated favourable effects on end-of-life care, advance care plans are often lacking. Therefore, we wished to explore: (i) the prevalence of advance care plans in a Swedish nursing home setting using two different definitions, (ii) the content of advance care plans, (iii) adherence to the content of care plans and (iv) possible associations between the presence of advance care planning and background characteristics, physician attendance and end-of-life care. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Twenty-two nursing homes in Sweden. Subjects A total of 367 deceased patients (included between 1 June 2018 and 23 May 2020) who had lived in nursing homes. Main outcome measures Electronic health record data on the prevalence of advance care plans with two different definitions and variables regarding background characteristics, physician attendance and end-of-life care, were collected. Results Of the study population, 97% had a limited care plan (ACP I) documented. When using the comprehensive definition (ACP II), also including patients preferences and involvement of family members in advance care planning, the prevalence was 77%. Patients with dementia more often had care plans, and a higher physician attendance was associated with presence of advance care plans. Prescription of palliative drugs and information to family members of the patients deterioration and impending death were more common in patients with care plans compared to those where such plans were missing. There was adherence to the care plan content. Conclusion In contrast to previous research, this study showed a high prevalence of advance care plans in nursing home patients. Patients with care plans more frequently received prescriptions of palliative drugs and their family members were informed to a greater extent about the patients deterioration and impending death compared to those without care plans. These aspects are often seen as vital components of good palliative care.
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| 10. |
- Kollmer, Marius, et al.
(author)
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Electron tomography reveals the fibril structure and lipid interactions in amyloid deposits
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:20, s. 5604-5609
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electron tomography is an increasingly powerful method to study the detailed architecture of macromolecular complexes or cellular structures. Applied to amyloid deposits formed in a cell culture model of systemic amyloid A amyloidosis, we could determine the structural morphology of the fibrils directly in the deposit. The deposited fibrils are arranged in different networks, and depending on the relative fibril orientation, we can distinguish between fibril meshworks, fibril bundles, and amyloid stars. These networks are frequently infiltrated by vesicular lipid inclusions that may originate from the death of the amyloid-forming cells. Our data support the role of nonfibril components for constructing fibril deposits and provide structural views of different types of lipid-fibril interactions.
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