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- Vereb, D, et al.
(author)
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Functional Connectivity Lateralisation Shift of Resting State Networks is Linked to Visuospatial Memory and White Matter Microstructure in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
- 2022
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In: Brain topography. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6792 .- 0896-0267. ; 35:2, s. 268-275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laterality patterns of resting state networks (RSN) change in various neuropsychiatric conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes neuro-cognitive symptoms involving dysfunctional large-scale brain networks. Yet, whether healthy laterality patterns of RSNs are maintained in MS and whether altered laterality patterns explain disease symptoms has not been explicitly investigated. We analysed functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data from 24 relapsing–remitting MS patients and 25 healthy participants. We performed group-level independent component analysis and used dual regression to estimate individual versions of well-established RSNs. Voxelwise laterality indices were calculated for each RSN. Group differences were assessed via a general linear model-based approach. The relationship between functional laterality and white matter microstructural asymmetry was assessed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Spearman’s correlation was calculated between laterality indices and Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis scores. Functional laterality of the dorsal attention network showed a significant leftward shift in the MS group in the posterior intraparietal sulcus (p < 0.033). Default-mode network laterality showed a significant leftward shift in the MS group in the angular gyrus (p < 0.005). Diminished dorsal attention network laterality was associated with increased fractional anisotropy asymmetry in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (p < 0.02). In the default-mode network, leftward laterality of the angular gyrus was associated with higher BVMT-R scores (R = − 0.52, p < 0.023). Our results confirm previous descriptions of RSN dysfunction in relapsing–remitting MS and show that altered functional connectivity lateralisation patterns of RSNs might contibute to cognitive performance and structural remodellation even in patients with mild clinical symptoms.
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- Bucciarelli, Saskia, et al.
(author)
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Unusual dynamics of concentration fluctuations in solutions of weakly attractive globular proteins
- 2015
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185 .- 1089-5639. ; 6:22, s. 4470-4474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The globular protein γB-crystallin exhibits a complex phase behavior, where liquid–liquid phase separation characterized by a critical volume fraction ϕc = 0.154 and a critical temperature Tc = 291.8 K coexists with dynamical arrest on all length scales at volume fractions around ϕ ≈ 0.3–0.35, and an arrest line that extends well into the unstable region below the spinodal. However, although the static properties such as the osmotic compressibility and the static correlation length are in quantitative agreement with predictions for binary liquid mixtures, this is not the case for the dynamics of concentration fluctuations described by the dynamic structure factor S(q,t). Using a combination of dynamic light scattering and neutron spin echo measurements, we demonstrate that the competition between critical slowing down and dynamical arrest results in a much more complex wave vector dependence of S(q,t) than previously anticipated.
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- Gaget, Elie, et al.
(author)
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Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming
- 2021
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 35:3, s. 834-845
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.
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- Gaget, Elie, et al.
(author)
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Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming
- 2022
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 36:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds.
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- K, Szarkowicz, et al.
(author)
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Simulation Analysis of Routing Strategies in Multicasting Multiservice Loss Networks
- 1997
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In: Simulation (San Diego, Calif.). - : SCS. - 0037-5497 .- 1741-3133. ; 68:1, s. 34-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper begins with an overview of multicast algorithms, which are the most promising candidates to be in wide use in first generation Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks (B-ISDN). Since the Multiple Destination Routing (MDR) problem and the associated Steiner Tree problem are known to be NP-complete and therefore a number of heuristic algorithms have been proposed in the literature, we first need to establish which of these are the best candidates for the B-ISDN. We conclude that the weighted greedy-type algorithms are promising ones, and therefore we examine the behavior of these algorithms in terms of blocking probability and network utilization. In doing so, we use a B-ISDN call level simulation program, which proves to be an indispensable tool in the quest for efficient multicast algorithms. We find that shortest path routing with appropriate (adaptive) weight functions combined with the complete partitioning link allocation policy may give satisfactory blocking values and good network utilization in networks of different sizes.
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