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- Reichart, Bruno, et al.
(author)
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Pig-to-non-human primate heart transplantation : The final step toward clinical xenotransplantation?
- 2020
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In: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-2498. ; 39:8, s. 751-757
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The demand for donated human hearts far exceeds the number available. Xenotransplantation of genetically modified porcine organs provides an alternative. In 2000, an Advisory Board of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation set the benchmark for commencing clinical cardiac xenotransplantation as consistent 60% survival of non-human primates after life-supporting porcine heart transplantations. Recently, we reported the stepwise optimization of pig-to-baboon orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation finally resulting in consistent success, with 4 recipients surviving 90 (n = 2), 182, and 195 days. Here, we report on 4 additional recipients, supporting the efficacy of our procedure. Results: The first 2 additional recipients succumbed to porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) infections on Days 15 and 27, respectively. In 2 further experiments, PCMV infections were successfully avoided, and 3-months survival was achieved. Throughout all the long-term experiments, heart, liver, and renal functions remained within normal ranges. Post-mortem cardiac diameters were slightly increased when compared with that at the time of transplantation but with no detrimental effect. There were no signs of thrombotic microangiopathy. The current regimen enabled the prolonged survival and function of orthotopic cardiac xenografts in altogether 6 of 8 baboons, of which 4 were now added. These results exceed the threshold set by the Advisory Board of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Conclusions: The results of our current and previous experimental cardiac xenotransplantations together fulfill for the first time the pre-clinical efficacy suggestions. PCMV-positive donor animals must be avoided.
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3. |
- Kaiser, Stefan, 1968, et al.
(author)
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White Paper: Broadband Multi-Carrier Based Air Interface (version 1.4)
- 2002
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In: Proceedings 7th Wireless World Research Forum Workshop, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The future success of the mobile communications revolution strongly depends on increasing the data rate and quality of service (QoS) available to the mobile user. This will enable value added services, which are not possible with current state of the art mobile wireless radio systems. While an increase in data rate, and maybe to some extent also QoS, could be achieved by combining techniques in the form of multi mode terminals (e.g. UMTS and wireless LAN), this has the disadvantage that for each new scenario another mode has to be added. The combination may also not be suitable for the mobility requirements of wireless radio systems. This paper proposes using a broadband multi-carrier based air interface. It also includes a discussion of the enabling technologies for multi-carrier mobile systems and the technology trends for future research. The multi-carrier technology offers the desired high data rates for the 4G mobile environments and also has advantages for spectral efficiency and low-cost implementation.
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