| 1. |
- Abebe, Solomon Akele, et al.
(author)
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Entrepreneurial Beliefs of Refugees : It’s Not Where They’re From, But Where They Go
- 2022. - 1
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In: Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings 2022. ; 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates whether structuralist and culturalist approaches to migrant entrepreneurship can explain the early-stage entrepreneurship of recently arrived refugees. Specifically, we empirically test three hypotheses on how refugees’ current geographical location and ethnic origin matter for their entrepreneurial beliefs, which provide the cognitive and affective foundations for entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour. The sample comprises 884 observations collected from working-age refugees from four different ethnic backgrounds recently relocated to four Austrian and seven Swedish cities. We find that the location where refugees resettle in the aftermath of their forced migration is relevant to refugee entrepreneurship, but their country of origin is not. Hence, the arguments made by advocates of structural theory are more applicable to understanding refugee entrepreneurship than arguments associated with cultural theory. We discuss implications for theory, policy and practice, and suggest avenues for future research.
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| 2. |
- Akar, Roya, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of the ECF sigma factor SigT by Lon-mediated proteolysis
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Lon protease is widely conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species in which it fulfils important regulatory functions. Nevertheless, the number of identified Lon substrates is limited in most organisms and the precise role of Lon in regulating these proteins poorly understood. Previous quantitative proteomics data classified the general stress response sigma factor SigT as a promising putative Lon substrate in the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Here, we confirm that SigT abundance is directly regulated by Lon. We show that downregulation of SigT levels during recovery from sucrose-induced osmotic stress is delayed in the absence of Lon, while its upregulation at the onset of stress functions normally. Furthermore, the presence of the Lon regulator LarA enhances Lon-mediated degradation of SigT in vitro and reduces SigT levels in vivo indicating a role of LarA in regulating Lon-mediated degradation of SigT. Together, our results emphasize the importance of Lon during the recovery phase following stress exposure by adjusting the concentration of the general stress response regulator SigT.
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| 3. |
- Akar, Roya, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of the general stress response sigma factor σT by Lon-mediated proteolysis
- 2023
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 205:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Lon protease is widely conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and fulfills important regulatory functions. Nevertheless, the number of identified Lon substrates is limited in most organisms, and the precise role of Lon in regulating these proteins is poorly understood. Here, we describe the α-proteobacterial general stress response sigma factor σT as a novel Lon substrate in Caulobacter crescentus. Based on previously published quantitative proteomics data, we find σT to be a promising putative Lon substrate and confirm a direct role of Lon in degrading σT. We show that Lon contributes to the downregulation of σT abundance under optimal conditions and during recovery from sucrose-induced osmotic stress. Furthermore, the presence of the Lon activity regulator LarA enhances Lon-mediated degradation of σT in vitro and reduces σT levels in vivo indicating a role of LarA in modulating Lon-mediated degradation of σT. Together, our results highlight the importance of Lon during the recovery phase following stress exposure by adjusting the concentrations of critical regulators of stress responses.
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| 4. |
- Antoniou, Antonis C., et al.
(author)
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A locus on 19p13 modifies risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers and is associated with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer in the general population
- 2010
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:10, s. 885-892
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Germline BRCA1 mutations predispose to breast cancer. To identify genetic modifiers of this risk, we performed a genome-wide association study in 1,193 individuals with BRCA1 mutations who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer under age 40 and 1,190 BRCA1 carriers without breast cancer diagnosis over age 35. We took forward 96 SNPs for replication in another 5,986 BRCA1 carriers (2,974 individuals with breast cancer and 3,012 unaffected individuals). Five SNPs on 19p13 were associated with breast cancer risk (P-trend = 2.3 x 10(-9) to Ptrend = 3.9 x 10(-7)), two of which showed independent associations (rs8170, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.35; rs2363956 HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.89). Genotyping these SNPs in 6,800 population-based breast cancer cases and 6,613 controls identified a similar association with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (rs2363956 per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92, P-trend = 0.0003) and an association with estrogen receptor-positive disease in the opposite direction (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, P-trend = 0.016). The five SNPs were also associated with triple-negative breast cancer in a separate study of 2,301 triple-negative cases and 3,949 controls (Ptrend = 1 x 10(-7) to Ptrend = 8 x 10(-5); rs2363956 per-allele OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87, P-trend = 1.1 x 10(-7)).
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| 5. |
- Eichhorst, B., et al.
(author)
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First-Line Venetoclax Combinations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
- 2023
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 388:19, s. 1739-1754
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Randomized trials of venetoclax plus anti-CD20 antibodies as first-line treatment in fit patients (i.e., those with a low burden of coexisting conditions) with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been lacking. Methods In a phase 3, open-label trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, fit patients with CLL who did not have TP53 aberrations to receive six cycles of chemoimmunotherapy (fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab or bendamustine-rituximab) or 12 cycles of venetoclax-rituximab, venetoclax-obinutuzumab, or venetoclax-obinutuzumab-ibrutinib. Ibrutinib was discontinued after two consecutive measurements of undetectable minimal residual disease or could be extended. The primary end points were undetectable minimal residual disease (sensitivity,
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| 6. |
- Esguerra, Maricris, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Intravital fluorescent microscopic evaluation of bacterial cellulose as scaffold for vascular grafts.
- 2010
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In: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 93:1, s. 140-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although commonly used synthetic vascular grafts perform satisfactorily in large caliber blood vessels, they are prone to thrombosis in small diameter vessels. Therefore, small vessels might benefit from tissue engineered vascular grafts. This study evaluated bacterial cellulose (BC) as a potential biomaterial for biosynthetic blood vessels. We implanted the dorsal skinfold chambers in three groups of Syrian golden hamsters with BC (experimental group), polyglycolic acid, or expanded polytetrafluorethylene (control groups). Following implantation, we used intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry to analyze the biocompatibility, neovascularization, and incorporation of each material over a time period of 2 weeks. Biocompatibility was good in all groups, as indicated by the absence of leukocyte activation upon implantation. All groups displayed angiogenic response in the host tissue, but that response was highest in the polyglycolic acid group. Histology revealed vascularized granulation tissue surrounding all three biomaterials, with many proliferating cells and a lack of apoptotic cell death 2 weeks after implantation. In conclusion, BC offers good biocompatibility and material incorporation compared with commonly used materials in vascular surgery. Thus, BC represents a promising new biomaterial for tissue engineering of vascular grafts.
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| 7. |
- Fink, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Ethical Orientation and Research Misconduct Among Business Researchers Under the Condition of Autonomy and Competition
- 2023
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 183:2, s. 619-636
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The topics of ethical conduct and governance in academic research in the business field have attracted scientific and public attention. The concern is that research misconduct in organizations such as business schools and universities might result in practitioners, policymakers, and researchers grounding their decisions on biased research results. This study addresses ethical research misconduct by investigating whether the ethical orientation of business researchers is related to the likelihood of research misconduct, such as selective reporting of research findings. We distinguish between deontological and consequentialist ethical orientations and the competition between researchers and investigate the moderating role of their perceived autonomy. Based on global data collected from 1031 business scholars, we find that researchers with a strong deontological ethical orientation are less prone to misconduct. This effect is robust against different levels of perceived autonomy and competition. In contrast, researchers having a consequentialist ethical orientation is positively associated with misconduct in business research. High levels of competition in the research environment reinforce this effect. Our results reveal a potentially toxic combination comprising researchers with a strong consequentialist orientation who are embedded in highly competitive research environments. Our research calls for the development of ethical orientations grounded on maxims rather than anticipated consequences among researchers. We conclude that measures for ethical governance in business schools should consider the ethical orientation that underlies researchers’ decision-making and the organizational and institutional environment in which business researchers are embedded.
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| 8. |
- Fink, Matthias J., 1988-
(author)
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Regulated Proteolysis: The Secrets of Lon : Cellular Roles and Stress-dependent Regulation of the Lon Protease
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Proteolysis is crucial in cells to maintain a functional proteome. It is required for removal of damaged and unfolded proteins during protein quality control, and serves as a mechanism to regulate protein levels through regulated proteolysis. The latter targets specific proteins under certain conditions to rapidly adjust the levels of these proteins. Thereby, activity of the targeted proteins is reduced or even eliminated. Many cellular processes like cell cycle progression, differentiation and stress response/adaptation depend on proteolytic removal of regulatory proteins via proteolysis. One protease with crucial roles in both protein quality control and regulated proteolysis is called Lon and is found in many species across all domains of life.Extensive research has revealed many aspects of proteolysis by Lon and identified several Lon substrates. The dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is a model organisms to study proteolysis and Lon as the two cell types, a flagellated swarmer cell and a stalked sessile cell, and the transition between them heavily depends on proteolysis. However, certain details, like recognition of substrates and its regulation are largely unknown. Here I focus on regulated proteolysis by Lon in C. crescentus, specifically on novel substrates, their recognition, and the regulation of Lon.Study I: Using quantitative proteomics of wildtype and mutant C. crescentus strains we identified potential substrates of Lon. Out of these, we focused on the stalk biogenesis regulator StaR and the flagellar hook length determination factor FliK. Both proteins are developmental regulators, whose protein levels oscillate during the cell cycle. Our experiments showed that turnover by Lon is required to maintain these oscillations and disruption thereof results in deregulation of the stalk and the flagellum.Study II: We used proteolytically inactive Lon to co-purify interactors of Lon and identify them by mass spectrometry. Thereby, we found an uncharacterized heat shock protein that regulates the activity of Lon, and due to our findings named it LarA (Lon activity regulator A). We showed that LarA interacts with Lon at an allosteric site and modulates the activity of Lon via its C-terminal amino acids. In most cases LarA exhibits a stimulating effect on the degradation of the substrates, indicating that LarA regulates substrate specificity and guarantees efficient degradation of the affected substrates. The same residues involved in the modulating interaction also serve as a degron for degradation of LarA by Lon to shut off LarA-mediated modulation if not needed anymore.Study III: SigT is a driver of gene expression of the general stress response in C. crescentus. It was detected in both previous studies, which indicates that it is degraded by Lon. We showed that it is a substrate of Lon in vitro. Based on steady-state levels of SigT during and after sucrose-induced stress, we could show that Lon-mediated degradation is important during the recovery. In addition, LarA-mediated regulation of Lon stimulates turnover of SigT, indicating that SigT levels are fine-tuned by LarA under certain conditions.In summary, we identified novel regulatory roles of Lon on differentiation and stress response in C. crescentus and discovered LarA as a novel modulator of Lon activity. The results of these studies once more emphasize the importance of Lon as a regulator of various cellular processes.
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| 9. |
- Gartner, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Service quality in social media communication of NPOs : The moderating effect of channel choice
- 2021
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In: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963. ; 137, s. 579-587
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social media communication is attractive for non-profit organizations (NPOs); however, the channels of social media are not homogeneous; a factor not sufficiently considered by empirical research. We address this gap by looking into the moderating effect of social media channel choice on the impact of brand trust on process and outcome quality. By surveying 174 customers of an Austrian NPO, we analyze different social media channels to investigate whether (1) the established wisdom of service marketing regarding the positive impact of brand trust on service quality holds in the social-media context and (2) whether the choice of social media channel moderates these relationships. The results confirm the established model of service quality. Knowledge from traditional marketing can still be applied in a digital environment. However, the moderation analysis highlights the relevance of social media channel choice and illustrates different effects on YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram. We discuss the implications.
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| 10. |
- Gartner, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Fear of Missing Out and Experience in the Formation of SME Decision Makers’ Intentions to Adopt New Manufacturing Technologies
- 2022
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In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625. ; 180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Corporate decision-makers form their intention to adopt new technology for their venture based on their perception of its usefulness and ease of use. However, the formation of this intention might be influenced by the fear of missing out (FOMO), making decision-makers fear losing their relatedness with fellow managers and leading to decisions based on irrational considerations. We draw on and extend the technology acceptance model to explain the potential bias caused by FOMO and expect that this bias is contingent on the level of decision makers' prior experience with the new technology in other contexts. Moderated OLS regressions on 514 observations collected from a representative sample of decision-makers of Austrian SMEs show that FOMO is positively related to the intention to adopt new technology. Moreover, we find that the relationship is mitigated by the decision maker's prior experience with that new technology. We highlight the relevance of the FOMO bias in technology acceptance, adding to the growing research stream on the role of emotions in adopting novel technologies. We further show how experience can effectively counter the FOMO bias for many decision-makers and extend the scope of technology acceptance models by illustrating their applicability to novel manufacturing technologies.
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