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- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 9. |
- Pio, D. T., et al.
(author)
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Tar formation during eucalyptus gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor : Effect of feedstock and reactor bed composition
- 2021
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In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tar compounds are inevitably present in the raw producer gas from biomass gasification and currently represent the main barrier for the commercial breakthrough of gasification technologies. In the present work, tar concentration in the producer gas from direct gasification of distinct types of residual forest biomass from eucalyptus in a 5 kWth bubbling fluidized bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the feedstock chemical composition and gasifier operation time was evaluated. Average tar concentration values in the raw producer gas were between 1.5 and 13.3 g/Nm3, representing a tar production between 8.4 and 67.0 g tar/kg biomass db, which surpasses suggested tar concentration limits for various potential applications for the producer gas. Major average tar compounds present in the tar sampled from the raw producer gas were benzene (47.1 %wt), toluene (21.6 %wt), naphthalene (10 %wt) and indene (6.4 %wt). A significant decay of the tar concentration in the producer gas was observed with increasing gasifier operation time, namely up to 50% within 45 min of operation, indicating its dependency on inorganics (e.g., CaCO3, KCl, maximum 5.5 %wt) and solid carbon (maximum 22.7 %wt) accumulation in the reactor bed.
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| 10. |
- Ruivo, L. C. M., et al.
(author)
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Iron-based catalyst (Fe2-xNixTiO5) for tar decomposition in biomass gasification
- 2021
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In: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a novel Fe2-xNixTiO5 catalyst for potential applications in biomass gasification gas cleaning/ upgrading was investigated. The material was successfully synthesized through combined mechanical activation and microwave firing. Catalytic steam reforming was studied in a fixed bed tubular reactor, using a mixture of toluene and naphthalene as model tar compounds as well as downstream a fluidized bed gasifier. Fe2-xNixTiO5 catalyst showed high activity in converting the model compounds at temperatures higher than 700 degrees C. The catalyst exhibited a tar conversion of 78% at 800 degrees C when exposed to biomass-derived gas from a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Nevertheless, the catalytic activity declined with increased time on stream due to structural changes in iron active phases, caused by redox conditions of the producer gas. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations suggest that sulfur chemisorption on the nickel surface, may also contribute to the catalyst deactivation.
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