| 1. |
- Fröjd, Victoria, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Importance of Ca(2+) Modifications for Osseointegration of Smooth and Moderately Rough Anodized Titanium Implants - A Removal Torque and Histological Evaluation in Rabbit.
- 2012
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In: Clinical implant dentistry and related research. - : Wiley. - 1708-8208 .- 1523-0899. ; 14:5, s. 737-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Incorporation of Ca(2+) into the titania of anodized titanium surfaces has been found to enhance osseointegration. It provides a stable surface when the ions are incorporated into the oxide layer during the anodizing process. The Ca(2+) may suggestively be prominent sites for mineral induction, attract proteins, and catalyze intracellular cascades. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osseointegration of smooth (S(a) < 0.5µm) and moderately rough (S(a) 1.0-2.0µm) commercially pure titanium implants, with and without Ca(2+) , in order to reflect on the importance of surface chemistry in relation to topography. Materials and Methods: Anodized implants with (OxCa) or without Ca(2+) (Ox), blasted implants (Bl), and blasted anodized implants, with (BlOxCa) or without Ca(2+) (BlOx), were inserted in rabbit femur and tibia. The implant surfaces were characterized using interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to implant installation. Removal torque (RTQ) measurements were executed on all implants after a healing period of 12 weeks. The implants were, thereafter, removed en bloc with surrounding tissues and prepared for histological evaluations. Results: RTQ measurements of tibial implants revealed significantly higher values for BlOxCa implants (90.7 ± 23.3 Ncm) compared to OxCa (64.6 ± 18.2 Ncm) and BlOx implants (69.7 ± 17.5 Ncm) (p = 0.029). Ca(2+) modification of smooth implants placed in the femur did not reveal any differences. Conclusion: Ca(2+) modification of smooth implants resulted in similar interfacial shear strength as moderately rough implants and Ca(2+) modification of moderately rough implants demonstrated the significantly strongest interfacial shear strength when placed in rabbit tibia. This possibly demonstrated surface chemistry compensating for lesser roughness.
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| 2. |
- Fröjd, Victoria, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Increased bone contact to a calcium incorporated oxidized c.p. titanium implant: an in vivo study in rabbit.
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0901-5027. ; 37:6, s. 561-566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone response to an oxidized titanium implant (Ox) and a calcium-incorporated oxidized titanium implant (Ca). A blasted titanium implant (Bl) was used as control. The implants were topographically characterized using an optical interferometer and placed: one in each distal femoral metaphysis and two in each proximal tibial metaphysis in rabbits. The rabbits were killed 12 weeks after implant insertion, and the implants and their surrounding tissues were removed en bloc for histomorphometrical evaluations. Topographical evaluation revealed three different surfaces: average height deviation (S(a), microm) values for Ca:Ox:Bl implants were 0.3:0.6:0.9, developed surface area ratios (%) 17:44:31, number of summits per microm(2) 208:136:118, and core fluid retention index values 1.33:1.33:1.38. The mean percentages of bone contact to the implants placed in the tibia (Ca:Ox:Bl) were 47:30:34 and to the implants placed in the femur (Ca:Ox) 32:20. The mean percentages of surrounding bone area for the implants placed in the tibia were 40:47:37 and for the implants placed in the femur 43:46. A significant increase in bone contact was found for smooth (S(a) <0.5 microm) but more densely peaked calcium-incorporated oxidized implants when compared to slightly rougher (S(a)=0.5-1.0 microm) oxidized or blasted implants.
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| 3. |
- Fröjd, Victoria, et al.
(author)
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Increased bone contact to a calcium incorporated oxidized commercially pure titanium implant; an in vivo study in rabbit
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0901-5027 .- 1399-0020. ; 37:6, s. 561-566
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone response to an oxidized titanium implant (Ox) and a calcium-incorporated oxidized titanium implant (Ca). A blasted titanium implant (Bl) was used as control. The implants were topographically characterized using an optical interferometer and placed: one in each distal femoral metaphysis and two in each proximal tibial metaphysis in rabbits. The rabbits were killed 12 weeks after implant insertion, and the implants and their surrounding tissues were removed en bloc for histomorphometrical evaluations. Topographical evaluation revealed three different surfaces: average height deviation (S(a), microm) values for Ca:Ox:Bl implants were 0.3:0.6:0.9, developed surface area ratios (%) 17:44:31, number of summits per microm(2) 208:136:118, and core fluid retention index values 1.33:1.33:1.38. The mean percentages of bone contact to the implants placed in the tibia (Ca:Ox:Bl) were 47:30:34 and to the implants placed in the femur (Ca:Ox) 32:20. The mean percentages of surrounding bone area for the implants placed in the tibia were 40:47:37 and for the implants placed in the femur 43:46. A significant increase in bone contact was found for smooth (S(a) <0.5 microm) but more densely peaked calcium-incorporated oxidized implants when compared to slightly rougher (S(a)=0.5-1.0 microm) oxidized or blasted implants.
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| 4. |
- Albrektsson, Tomas, 1945, et al.
(author)
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healing response
- 2008
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In: osseointegration. - : Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. - 9780867154795 ; , s. 47-50, s. 51-57
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Early interactions between leukocytes and three different potentially bioactive titanium surface modifications
- 2011
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In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 97:2, s. 364-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the early interactions between leukocytes and three different surface modifications, suggested as bioactive. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, sodium fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. A number of these discs were also immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for a week, a treatment which yielded high levels of calcium and phosphate on each surface type. The specimens were exposed for human venous blood for 32 minutes and the respiratory burst response was measured in terms of reactive oxygen species with a luminometer, and coverage of viable cells with a fluorescence microscope after staining steps. The topography, morphology, and chemistry of the surfaces were evaluated with optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). A high respiratory burst response was found for HA coated titanium in comparison with the other surface groups (p < 0.0005). The SBF immersion resulted in an increased respiratory burst response (p < 0.0005) and removed statistically significant differences between the surface groups. Thus, the results in the present study indicate that different titanium surface modifications influence the early inflammatory response differently, and that calcium phosphate compounds increase the inflammatory response.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Formation of calcium phosphates on titanium implants with four different bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study
- 2007
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In: Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 18:10, s. 1945-1954
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the nucleating and growing behaviour on four types of bioactive surfaces by using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model. Titanium discs were blasted and then prepared by alkali and heat treatment, anodic oxidation, fluoridation, or hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were immersed in SBF for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Calcium phosphates were found on all specimens, as analysed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). After 1 and 2 weeks of SBF immersion more titanium was accessible with SEM/EDX on the blasted surfaces than the four bioactive surface types, indicating a difference in coverage by calcium phosphates. The Ca/P mean ratio of the surfaces was approximately 1.5 after 1 week, in contrast to the fluoridated specimens which displayed a Ca/P mean ratio of approximately 2. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analyses showed the presence of hydroxyapatite on all types of surfaces after 4 and 6 weeks of immersion. The samples immersed for 6 weeks showed a higher degree of crystallinity than the samples immersed for 4 weeks. In conclusion, differences appeared at the early SBF immersion times of 1 and 2 weeks between controls and bioactive surface types, as well as between different bioactive surface types.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Nucleation and growth of calcium phosphates in the presence of fibrinogen on titanium implants with four potentially bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study.
- 2009
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In: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 20:9, s. 1869-1879
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the nucleating and crystal growth behaviour of calcium phosphates on four types of potentially bioactive surfaces, using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model with added fibrinogen. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, anodic oxidation, fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were immersed in SBF with fibrinogen for periods of 3 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The topography, morphology, and chemistry of the surfaces were evaluated with optical interferometry, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. All surface modifications showed early calcium phosphate formation after 3 days, and were almost completely covered by calcium phosphates after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the Ca/P ratio was approximately 2.0 for all surface groups except the fluoride modified surface, which had a Ca/P ratio of 1.0–1.5. XPS measurements of the nitrogen concentration, which can be interpreted as an indirect measure of the protein content, reached a peak value after 3 days immersion and decreased thereafter. In conclusion, the results in the present study, when compared to earlier SBF studies without proteins, showed that fibrinogen stimulates calcium phosphates formation. Furthermore, no pronounced differences could be detected between blasted controls and the potentially bioactive specimens.
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| 8. |
- Athab Abduljabbar, Zahra, et al.
(author)
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Chewing side preference and laterality in patients treated with unilateral posterior implant-supported fixed partial prostheses
- 2022
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In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 0305-182X .- 1365-2842. ; 49:11, s. 1080-1086
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: It is not clear to what extent chewing is improved by unilateral oral rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed partial prostheses (ISFPPs). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether patients treated with unilateral ISFPPs in the maxilla use their prostheses during mastication to the same extent as they used their contralateral natural teeth. A further aim was to investigate whether there is a correlation between preferred chewing side and laterality. Methods: Chewing side preference was assessed in 15 participants treated with unilateral ISFPPs in the maxilla. The first, second, third, fifth and tenth chewing cycles were assessed, and the test was repeated 10 times. All participants also answered a questionnaire about their chewing side preference. Results: Most of the participants presented bilateral chewing, but two (13%) chewed only on the ISFPP. There was no statistically significant association between the objectively assessed chewing side and dental status (natural teeth or ISFPPs) during any of the recorded chewing cycles (p >.1). There were statistically significant correlations between both the subjectively reported usually preferred chewing side and the subjective chewing side preference during the test and the objectively assessed chewing side for the first three chewing cycles (p <.01). No correlation was found between handedness and the objectively assessed chewing side. Conclusion: In the present study, most participants chewed bilaterally, and chewing was performed both on the ISFPP and on the natural teeth. No correlation was found between the preferred chewing side, objectively or subjectively determined and laterality.
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| 9. |
- Ballerini, Lucia, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of histomorphometrical data obtained with two different image analysis methods
- 2007
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In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 18:8, s. 1471-1479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common way to determine tissue acceptance of biomaterials is to perform histomorphometrical analysis on histologically stained sections from retrieved samples with surrounding tissue, using various methods. The “time and money consuming” methods and techniques used are often “in house standards”. We address light microscopic investigations of bone tissue reactions on un-decalcified cut and ground sections of threaded implants. In order to screen sections and generate results faster, the aim of this pilot project was to compare results generated with the in-house standard visual image analysis tool (i.e., quantifications and judgements done by the naked eye) with a custom made automatic image analysis program. The histomorphometrical bone area measurements revealed no significant differences between the methods but the results of the bony contacts varied significantly. The raw results were in relative agreement, i.e., the values from the two methods were proportional to each other: low bony contact values in the visual method corresponded to low values with the automatic method. With similar resolution images and further improvements of the automatic method this difference should become insignificant. A great advantage using the new automatic image analysis method is that it is time saving—analysis time can be significantly reduced.
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| 10. |
- Barkarmo, Sargon, et al.
(author)
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Biofilm formation on polyetheretherketone and titanium surfaces
- 2019
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In: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 5:4, s. 427-437
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer used in devices in orthopedic and dental rehabilitation. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare biofilm formation by a range of important oral bacterial species on PEEK, blasted PEEK, commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti), and titanium-6 aluminium-4 vanadium (Ti6Al4V). Material and methods: Coin-shaped samples were manufactured, and the surfaces were characterized using optical interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Bacterial species of Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus gordonii were cultured on the four material surfaces for varying amounts of time. Biofilms were quantified following staining with crystal violet. Results: Roughness and contact angle results showed blasted PEEK>PEEK>cp-Ti=Ti6Al4V. There was increased biofilm formation on blasted PEEK by S. sanguinis, S. oralis, and S. gordonii, whereas the bacterial adhesion was similar on PEEK, cp-Ti, and Ti6Al4V. The bacterial growth of E. faecalis was significantly higher on cp-Ti compared with the other three groups. Conclusion: The results, taking into consideration the biofilm formation, suggest that PEEK should perform as well as cp-Ti or TiAl6V4 when used as a dental restorative material. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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