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- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states.In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects.We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats.With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Patients' perception of music versus ordinary sound in a postanaesthesia care unit : a randomised crossover trial
- 2009
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In: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 25:4, s. 208-213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed an experimental single-blind crossover design study in a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU): (i) to test the hypothesis that patients will experience a higher degree of wellbeing if they listen to music compared to ordinary PACU sounds during their early postoperative care, (ii) to determine if there is a difference over time, and (iii) to evaluate the importance of the acoustic environment and whether patients prefer listening to music during their stay. Two groups received a three-phase intervention: one group (n=23) experienced music-ordinary sound-music and the second group (n=21) experienced ordinary sound-music-ordinary sound. Each period lasted 30 min, and after each period the patients assessed their experience of the sound. The results demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.001) between groups in the proportions of patients reporting that the acoustic environment was of great importance for their wellbeing during the three-phase intervention, and most participants (n=36 versus n=8) noticed that they were exposed to different sounds during the PACU period. The results also revealed that most participants (n=32) preferred listening to music versus listening to ordinary sound (n=3) while in the PACU (p<0.001). These findings promote use of listening to music to establish a healing environment for patients in a postanaesthesia care unit.
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| 4. |
- Karidar, Hakima, et al.
(author)
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Närståendestöd och efterlevandestöd – under och efter vårdtid inom specialiserad Palliativ vård och ASIH i Skåne
- 2022
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In: ; , s. 41-41
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: En av hörnstenarna i palliativ vård handlar om att ge stöd till alla närstående. Enligt lagstiftning har sjukvården även en skyldighet att speciellt beakta barns behov av information, råd och stöd om barnets föräldrar eller någon annan vuxen som barnet varaktigt bor tillsammans med har en livshotande sjukdom eller avlidit.Syfte: Alla närstående inom Palliativ vård och ASIH i Skåne ska erbjudas personcentrerad och jämlikt stöd under och efter vårdtiden.Metod: Uppdraget startades 2019 och beräknas vara klar under hösten 2022. All personal inom palliativ vård och ASIH i Skåne involverades genom att de fick göra nulägesanalys gällande närståendestöd. I nästa steg utfördes gapanalys för att identifiera likhet och olikhet kring närståendestöd. Vidare fick all personal ge förslag till att forma framtidens närståendestöd. Efter nulägesanalys och gapanalys bildades en multiprofessionell arbetsgrupp med representanter från alla verksamheterna i Skåne. Arbetsgruppens uppdrag var att framställa beslutsunderlag gällande närståendestöd under vårdtid och efterlevandestöd till närstående efter vårdtiden. Resultat: Nulägesanalys som utfördes 2019 visade att närstående med liknande behov har erbjudits olika professionella stöd. Gapanalys utfördes under 2020 för kartläggning av vilka former av stöd saknades/önskades samt var relevanta i nu tiden. Under 2021 arbetet har fortsatt med att definiera vad närståendestöd innefattar och under 2022 har arbete pågått med att ta fram beslutsunderlag för hur och vilka former av närståendestöd som ska erbjudas.Betydelse: Genom strukturerad arbetssätt identifiera närståendes förutsättningar, behov och önskemål ökar sannolikheten för att närstående erbjuds rätt stöd, i rätt tid och av rätt profession.
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| 5. |
- Löwstedt, Martin, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Strategy work in a large construction company: personified strategies as drivers för change
- 2011
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In: 6th Nordic conference on Construction Economics and Organisation, 13-15 April, 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Strategizing can be seen as a balancing act between aggregating knowledge and experiences from an organization’s past business cycles and forecasting future possibilities over a longer period of time. Yet knowledge about strategizing over business cycles and in rapidly changing market conditions in the construction sector is scarce. This paper takes a micro perspective on strategizing and examines individual narratives of change processes to identify driving factors. The empirical data is part of an ongoing longitudinal case study in a large construction company on strategizing over business cycles from 1990 until today. The study comprises in-depth interviews with 14 key actors and a wide range of documentation covering the period. The Strategy-as-Practice perspective serves well as a retrospective description of strategizing over time; understanding the dynamics that underlie the various strategic changes is a matter of understanding what the strategists have done. The paper shows that strategy processes mainly are related to a few individuals (mostly the CEO’s), rather than to the activities or rationale behind them. This paper contributes a novel perspective on the strategy literature in construction by emphasizing personified strategies as drivers for change. We argue that personified strategies are an intra-organizational phenomenon related to power distribution, governance, and the tensions between individual agency and the institutionalized context.
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